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Öğe Distribution of Penicillin G from the Aqueous Phase to the Organic Phase Using Amberlite LA-2 Extractant in Different Diluents(Amer Chemical Soc, 2014) Uslu, Hasan; Gunyeli, Seyhan; Ilbay, Zeynep; Kirbaslar, S. IsmailBenzyl penicillin, known as penicillin G (PG), is a beta-lactam antibiotic and also a weak monocarboxylic acid. The penicillin G extraction from aqueous solution by Amberlite LA-2 in different diluents, that is, octan-1-ol, nonan-1-ol, 3-methyl-1-butanol, ethyl ethanoate, propyl ethanoate, 4-methylpentan-2-one, octan-2-one, octane, and decane has been studied. According to experimental results, some thermodynamic parameters, such as distribution coefficients (K-D), loading factors (Z), and the extraction efficiency or degree (E), were calculated. The best extraction efficiency, distribution coefficient, and loading factor were determined using 3-methyl-1-butanol diluent as values of 92.63, 12.25, and 0.195, respectively. The linear solvation energy relationship (LSER) model was regressed for the experimental results of the distribution coefficient with the regression coefficient (R-2) as 0.96. Besides, the equilibrium model for the extraction degree of alcohols has been applied and compared with experimental data.Öğe Effect of Diluent on the Extraction of Oxoethanoic (Glyoxylic) Acid by N,N-Dioctyloctan-1-amine (TOA)(Amer Chemical Soc, 2011) Pehlivanoglu, Nil; Uslu, Hasan; Kirbaslar, S. IsmailThe extractability of aqueous solutions of oxoethanoic acid by N,N-dioctyloctan-1-amine (TOA) in various diluents, including isoamyl alcohol, octan-1-ol, nonan-1-ol, decan-1-ol, methyl ethyl ketone, diisobuthyl ketone, hexan-2-one, toluene, kerosene, and n-hexane has been investigated. Batch extraction results at 25 degrees C have been calculated and reported as distribution coefficients (K-D), loading factors (Z), and extraction efficiencies (E). With these solvents, using TOA has been found to be very effective (K-D >> 1). Decan-1-ol was found to be the most effective diluent with the highest value of K-D (13.43) at 1.37 mol.kg(-1) concentration of TOA. The results of the liquid-liquid equilibrium measurements were correlated with a linear solvation energy relationship (LSER) model that takes into account physical interactions as well as with modified Freundlich and Langmuir equations. The experimental results for the oxoethanoic acid extraction are compared to the model results.Öğe Effect of Diluents on the Extraction of Fumaric Acid by Tridodecyl Amine (TDA)(Amer Chemical Soc, 2015) Gemici, Aysegul; Uslu, Hasan; Gok, Asli; Kirbaslar, S. IsmailSeparation of fumaric acid from aqueous media with tridodecyl amine (TDA), which is a long chain aliphatic amine, was carried out at 298 K. Different categories of diluents, ketones (methyl iso butyl ketone (MIBK), 2-heptanone, and 2-octanone) and alcohols (isoamyl alcohol, 1-octanol) and 1-decanoL) were used to dissolve TDA. Distribution coefficients (K-D), extraction efficiency (E), and loading factors (Z) were obtained as a function a experimental results. The most operative diluent was determined as heptan-2-one with the highest distribution coefffdent (KD) value of 26.00. In additional to experimental studies, the linear solvation energy relationship (LSER) modeling with included Hidebrand Hansen solubility parameters was applied for alcoholic diluents. Predicted data by LSER gave good agreement with experimental data.Öğe Effect of Solvent on Reactive Extraction of 2-Methylidenebutanedioic Acid by Using N-Methyl-N,N-dioctyloctan-1-ammonium Chloride(Amer Chemical Soc, 2014) Gunyeli, Seyhan; Uslu, Hasan; Kirbaslar, S. IsmailThe extraction of 2-methylidenebutanedioic acid was investigated using N-methyl-N,N-dioctyloctan-1-ammonium chloride (trioctylmethyl ammonium chloride) (Aliquat 336) with different diluents having distinct functional groups. Nine diluents were used in the study, that is, octan-1-ol, nonan-1-ol, decan-1-ol, ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, heptan-2-one, octan-2-one, octane, and decane. The measurements were performed at temperature of 298.2 K. The experimental results of batch extractions were used to calculate distribution coefficients (K-D), loading factors (Z), and extraction efficiency (E). The maximum distribution coefficient (K-D = 13.01) was obtained with octan-1-ol, and its extraction efficiency was 92.86 %. Further, the maximum loading factor reached a value of 0.427 at a 0.440 mol.kg(-1) amine concentration.Öğe Effect of Temperature and Initial Acid Concentration on the Reactive Extraction of Carboxylic Acids(Amer Chemical Soc, 2013) Uslu, Hasan; Kirbaslar, S. IsmailTemperature effect and initial acid concentration are significant factors of study on the reactive extraction process. Both the effect of temperature and of initial acid concentration on the extraction of levulinic acid and malic acid have been studied and compared to each other. Extractions have been carried out at the temperatures 298 K, 318 K, and 328 K. The results showed that an increase in temperature reduced distribution coefficients for all solvents used as the organic phase. The enthalpy and entropy of reaction have been calculated. Reactive extraction of these acids by amines resulted in negative values of enthalpy. Thus, the reactive extraction process is an exothermic process. Different initial concentrations of both acids have been studied in the range of 0.08 wt % to 0.15 wt %. For all solvents in organic phase the distribution coefficients decreased with increasing initial concentration of acids.Öğe Equilibrium studies of extraction of levulinic acid by (trioctylamine (TOA) plus ester) solvents(Amer Chemical Soc, 2008) Uslu, Hasan; Kirbaslar, S. IsmailReactive extraction of levulinic acid has been done at 298.15 K. All experiments are reported on the extraction of levulinic acid by trioctylamine JOA) dissolved in I I different ester solvents (ethyl propionate, dimethyl phthalate, hexyl acetate, cyclohexyl acetate, dimethyl adipate, propyl acetate,, dimethyl glutarate, dimethyl fumarate, diethyl sebacate, and diethyl carbonate), as well as single solvents. Experimental results of batch extraction experiments are calculated and reported as distribution coefficients (K-D= (c) over bar (HA)/C-HA,C-total), loading factors (TT), stoichiometric loading factor (T-s), separation factor (S-f), and extraction efficiency (E). The diethyl carbonate was found to be the most effective solvent with a maximum distribution value of 5.75. Maximum values of possible equilibrium complexation constants for (acid + amine) (1:1) K, and (2:1) K-21 were determined as 3.32 and 32.59 for diethyl carbonate, respectively.Öğe Experimental and Modeling Studies on the Extraction of Glutaric Acid by Trioctylamine(Amer Chemical Soc, 2009) Pehlivanoglu, Nil; Uslu, Hasan; Kirbaslar, S. IsmailThe reactive extraction equilibria for aqueous Solutions of glutaric acid, with trioctylamine (TOA) in various diluents, including isoamyl alcohol, octan-1-ol, nonan-1-ol, decan-1-ol, methyl ethyl ketone (MEK), diisobutyl ketone (DIBK), hexan-2-one, toluene, kerosene, and n-hexane, were determined at various TOA concentrations Experimental results of batch extraction experiments are Calculated and reported as distribution coefficients (K-D), loading factors (Z) and extraction efficiency (E) All measurements were carried out at 25 degrees C. Kerosene was found to be the most effective diluent with the highest value of K-D (7 88). The complexation constants K-11 and K-21 were calculated for each diluent The results of the liquid-liquid equilibrium measurements were correlated by,I linear solvation energy relationship (LSER) model which takes into account physical interactions and modified Freundlich and Langmuir equations. Experimental results of the glutaric acid extraction Lire compared to model results.Öğe Extractability of Fumaric Acid by Tributyl Amine (TBA) in Ketones and Alcohols(Amer Chemical Soc, 2015) Gemici, Aysegul; Uslu, Hasan; Kirbaslar, S. IsmailFumaric acid extraction from aqueous media by tributyl amine (TBA), which is an aliphatic amine, was studied at 298 K. Ketones (methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK), heptan-2-one, octan-2-one) and alcohols (isoamyl alcohol, octan-1-ol, decan-1-ol) were selected as the diluent for dissolving TBA. Distribution ratio (K-D), loading ratio (T), and extraction degree (D-E) were calculated from experimental results. 96% efficiency was reached with isoamyl alcohol at 2.08 mol.kg(-1) of TBA concentration. Futher, the linear solvation energy relationship (LSER) modeling cooperated with Hidebrand-Hansen solubility parameters was used for prediction KD of alcoholic diluents. The LSER model gave closeness prediction to experimental data.Öğe Extraction of aqueous of malic acid by trioctylamine extractant in various diluents(Elsevier, 2010) Uslu, Hasan; Kirbaslar, S. IsmailIn this study malic acid were extracted from aqueous solution by different solvents with and without trioctylamine (TOA). The TOA was dissolved in five different esters (dimethyl phthalate, dimethyl adipate, dimethyl succinate, dimethyl glutarate. and diethyl carbonate), five different alcohols (isoamyl alcohol, hexan-1-ol, octan-1-ol, nonan-1-ol, and decan-1-ol) and two different ketones (diisobutyl ketone (DIBK) and methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK)). The results are reported as distribution coefficients (K-D), loading factors (T-T), stoichiometric loading factor (T-S), separation factor (S-f) and extraction efficiency (E). The most effective solvent was determined as isoamyl alcohol with a distribution value coefficient of 17.811. The maximum values of equilibrium complexation constants in isoamyl alcohol for (acid:amine) (1:1) K-11 and (2:1) K-21 were 9.9 and 225.6, respectively. A linear solvation energy relationship (LSER) was accurately regressed to the experimental distribution coefficients. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Öğe Extraction of citric acid from aqueous solution by means of a long chain aliphatic quaternary amine/diluent system(Amer Chemical Soc, 2007) Uslu, Hasan; Inci, Ismail; Kirbaslar, S. Ismail; Aydin, AlimetStudies are reported on the extraction of citric acid by trioctyl methyl ammonium chloride dissolved in 1-propanol, 1-octanol, 1-decanol (active solvents), and their mixtures (1: 1 volume ratio). The aim of this study was to investigate the extraction of citric acid from water by a long-chain aliphatic quaternary amine. Experimental results of batch extraction experiments are calculated and reported as distribution coefficients, loading factors, and extraction efficiency. All measurements were carried out at two different temperatures 298.15 K and 303.15 K. The results of the liquid-liquid equilibrium measurements were correlated by a linear solvation energy relationship model, which takes into account physical interactions. Solvatochromic parameters of the model were obtained from the literature. The remaining parameters were fitted to the experimental results. Experimental results for the liquid-liquid equilibrium are compared to the model.Öğe Extractive Separation of Glutaric Acid by Aliquat 336 in Different Solvents(Amer Chemical Soc, 2010) Pehlivanoglu, Nil; Uslu, Hasan; Kirbaslar, S. IsmailThe reactive extraction equilibria for aqueous solutions of glutaric acid, with trioctylmethyl ammonium chloride (Aliquat 336) in various diluents, including 3-methyl-butan-l-ol, octan-1-ol, nonan-1-ol, decan-1-ol, methyl ethyl ketone, 2,6-dimethy1-4-heptanone, hexan-2-one, toluene, kerosene, and hexane, were determined at various Aliquat 336 (A336) concentrations. Experimental results of batch extraction experiments are calculated and reported as distribution coefficients (K-D), loading factors (Z), and extraction efficiency (E). All measurements were carried out at 25 degrees C. 2,6-Dimethyl-4-heptanone was found to be the most effective diluent with the highest value of K-D (8.51) for the glutaric acid + Aliquat 336 extraction system. The effect of pH has been investigated for octan-1-ol + A336 on glutaric acid extraction in the range of pH 2 to 8. The linear solvation energy relationship (LSER) model has been used to fit the experimental data.Öğe Intensification of Pyridine-3-carboxylic Acid Extraction Using N-Methyl-N,N-dioctyloctan-1-ammonium Chloride in Different Type of Diluents(Amer Chemical Soc, 2014) Gunyeli, Seyhan; Uslu, Hasan; Kirbaslar, S. IsmailThe extraction of pyridine-3-carboxylic acid was investigated using N-methyl-N,N-dioctyloctan-1-ammonium chloride (TOMAC) with different diluents having distinct functional groups. Nine diluents were used in the study, i.e., octan-1-ol, nonan-1-ol, decan-1-ol, ethyl ethanoate, propyl ethanoate, heptan-2-one, octan-2-one, octane, and decane. The measurements were performed at room temperature (T = 298 K). The experimental results of batch extractions were used to calculate distribution coefficients (K-D), loading factors (Z), and extraction efficiency (E). The maximum distribution coefficient (K-D = 2.335) was obtained with octan-1-ol, and its extraction efficiency was 70.16 %. Besides, the highest loading factor was reached to a value of (0.179 at 0.440) mol.kg(-1) equilibrium amine concentration. The results of the liquid-liquid equilibrium measurements were correlated by a linear solvation energy relationship (LSER) model which takes into account physical interactions. Experimental and model results of pyridine-3-carboxylic acid extraction from aqueous solution was compared. LSER model has been applied to experimental results with 0.98 R square.Öğe Investigation of levulinic acid distribution from aqueous phase to organic phase with TOA extractant(Amer Chemical Soc, 2008) Uslu, Hasan; Kirbaslar, S. IsmailLevulinic acid, which is a carboxylic acid with a ketone structure, is a clear to brownish semisolid; it melts at 37 C and is soluble in alcohol, ether, and chloroform. Levulinic acid can be used as an acidulant in foods and beverages. The extraction of levulinic acid with trioctylamine (TOA), dissolved in five alcohol solvents (isoamyl alcohol, hexan-1-ol, octan-1-ol, nonan-1-ol, and decan-1-ol) and two ketones (diisobutylketone (DIBK) and methylisobutylketone (MIBK)) were investigated. In addition to these amine systems, experiments were also conducted with single solvents. All measurements were performed at 298.15 K. Organic solutions of amines are being used increasingly to separate organic acids from aqueous mixture solutions via reactive extraction. The extent to which the organic phase may be loaded with levulinic acid is explained by calculating the loading ratio (T), extraction efficiency (E), and distribution coefficients (K-D). Isoamyl alcohol was determined to be the most effective solvent, with a maximum distribution value of 11.303. Possible equilibrium complexation constants for acid: amine ratios of 1: 1 and 2: 1 have been determined, with maximum values of 6.530 and 116.608 for K-11 and K-21, respectively, with isoamyl alcohol. Furthermore, a linear solvation energy relationship (LSER) model equation has been obtained to calculate the distribution coefficients for alcohols, with a correlation coefficient of R-2 = 0.97.Öğe Investigation of phase equilibria of levulinic acid distribution between aqueous phase to organic phase by Aliquat 336 in different modifiers(Academic Press Ltd- Elsevier Science Ltd, 2009) Uslu, Hasan; Kirbaslar, S. IsmailThe extraction of levulinic acid by tricaprylmethylammonium chloride (Aliquat 336) dissolved in five alcohols solvents (isoamyl alcohol, hexan-1-ol, octan-1-ol, nonan-1-ol, decan-1-ol) and five esters solvents (dimethyl phthalate, dimethyl adipate, dimethyl succinate, dimethyl glutarate, diethyl carbonate), two ketones (diisobutyl ketone (DIBK), methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK)) were investigated to understand effect of modifier on levulinic acid extraction. In addition to these Aliquat 336 + modifier system, the experiments were done also with single solvents. All measurements were carried out T = 298.15 K. Organic solutions of Aliquat 336 are being used increasingly to separate organic acids from aqueous mixture solutions by reactive extraction. The extent to which the organic phase may be loaded with levulinic acid is explained as a loading ratio, Z(Z). extraction efficiency E and, distribution coefficients K(D) were calculated. The maximum extraction efficiency was obtained value of 72.1 for isoamyl alcohol. The extraction equilibrium constant, K(E), has been calculated for each modifier. Furthermore, Freundlich, Langmuir, and LSER model equations have been obtained for experimental data of alcohols. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Öğe Investigation of Ternary Phase Diagrams of (Water plus Butyric Acid plus Phenyl Acetate) at Different Temperatures(Amer Chemical Soc, 2016) Bayazit, Kayhan; Uslu, Hasan; Gok, Ash; Kirbaslar, S. Ismail; Santos, Dheiver; Bamufleh, Hisham S.The system {(water (1) + butyric acid (2) + phenyl acetate (3)} at different temperatures, such as 298.15 K, 308.15 K, 318.15 K, and at a constant pressure (101.3 +/- 0.5 kPa) in terms of liquid liquid phase equilibria were investigated. The solubility curves for each system were found. The consistency for the experiments to determine tie-lines was done by Othmer-Tobias method. NRTL and UNIQUAC equation correlated experimental data with good results. the consistency of UNIQUAC and NRTL for concerning ternary experimental data. The finest results were reached with UNIQUAC model (RMSD value is 0.087 for 298.15 K). Extraction ability of the solvents used in this study were assessed in term of distribution coefficients (D) (highest 5.20) and separation factors (s(f)) (highest 322).Öğe Liquid-liquid equilibria of (water plus butyric acid plus diethyl succinate or diethyl glutarate or diethyl adipate) ternary systems(Elsevier Science Bv, 2011) Gok, Asli; Kirbaslar, S. Ismail; Uslu, Hasan; Gilani, H. GhanadzadehLiquid-liquid equilibrium (LLE) data of the solubility (binodal) curves and tie-line end compositions were examined for mixtures of [(water (1)+ butyric acid (2) + diethyl succinate or diethyl glutarate or diethyl adipate (3)1 at 298.2 K and 101.3 +/- 0.7 kPa. The relative mutual solubility of butyric acid is higher in the diethyl succinate or diethyl glutarate or diethyl adipate layers than water layers. The consistency of the experimental tie-lines was determined through the Othmer-Tobias correlation equation. The LLE data were correlated with NRTL model, indicating the reliability of the NRTL equations for these ternary systems. The best results were achieved with the NRTL equation, using non-randomness parameter (alpha = 0.3) for the correlation. Distribution coefficients and separation factors were measured to evaluate the extracting capability of the solvents. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Öğe Liquid-Liquid Equilibria of the (Water plus Ethanol plus Linalyl Acetate) Ternary System at Different Temperatures(Amer Chemical Soc, 2011) Gok, Asli; Cebeci, Fatma; Uslu, Hasan; Kirbaslar, S. IsmailLiquid liquid equilibrium (LLE) data of the solubility curves and tie-line compositions were examined of the (water + ethanol + linalyl acetate) system at T = (298.2, 308.2, and 318.2) K and P = 101.325 kPa. The relative mutual solubility of ethanol is higher in the water phase than in the linalyl acetate phase. The consistency of the experimental tie lines was determined through the Bachman correlation equation. The experimental I,LE data were satisfactorily correlated with the nonrandom two-liquid model (NRTL), and the binary interaction parameters so obtained are reported. The best results were obtained with the NRTL method, using nonrandomness parameter (alpha = 0.3) for the correlation. Distribution coefficients (D) and separation factors (S) were evaluated over the immiscibility region. The influence of temperature on the LLE characteristics was found to be significant at the temperatures studied.Öğe Phase equilibria of (water plus butyric acid plus butyl acetate) ternary systems at different temperatures(Elsevier, 2014) Bayazit, Kayhan; Gok, Asli; Uslu, Hasan; Kirbaslar, S. IsmailPhase equilibrium (LLE) data of the solubility (binodal) curves and tie-line end compositions were examined for mixtures of {(water (1) + butyric acid + butyl acetate (2)1 at T=298.2 K, 308.2 K, and 318.2 K and 101.3 +/- 0.7 kPa. The relative mutual solubility of butyric acid is higher in the butyl acetate than water layers at the all temperatures used in this study. The consistency of the experimental tie-lines was determined through the Othmer-Tobias correlation equation. The LLE data were correlated with UNIQUAC and NRTL model, indicating the reliability of the NRTL and UNIQUAC equations for these ternary systems. The best results were achieved with the UNIQUAC equation for the correlations. Distribution coefficients and separation factors were measured to evaluate the extracting capability of the solvent. (c) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Öğe Phase equilibria of (water plus levulinic acid plus dibasic esters) ternary systems(Elsevier Science Bv, 2009) Uslu, Hasan; Gok, Asli; Kirbaslar, S. IsmailLiquid-liquid equilibrium (LLE) data of the solubility (binodal) curves and tie-line end compositions were examined for mixtures of ((water (1)+levulinic acid (2)+dimethyl succinate or dimethyl glutarate or dimethyl adipate (3)) at 298.15 K and 101.3 +/- 0.7 kPa. The reliability of the experimental tie-line data was confirmed by using the Othmer-Tobias correlation. The LLE data of the ternary systems were predicted by UNIFAC method. The LLE data were correlated fairly well with UNIQUAC and NRTL models, indicating the reliability of the UNIQUAC and NRTL equations for these ternary systems. The best results were achieved with the NRTL equation, using non-randomness parameter (alpha = 0.3) for the correlation. Distribution coefficients and separation factors were measured to evaluate the extracting capability of the solvents. Crown Copyright (C) 2009 Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Öğe Phase equilibria of (water plus levunilic acid plus alcohol) ternary systems(Elsevier Science Bv, 2008) Uslu, Hasan; Goeb, Asli; Kirbaslar, S. IsmailLiquid-liquid equilibrium (LLE) data of the solubility (binodal) curves and tie-line end compositions were examined for mixtures of {(water (1) + levunilic acid (2) + isoamyl alcohol or hexanol or decanol (3)} at 298.15 K and 101.3 +/- 0.7 kPa. A type-1 LLE phase diagram was obtained for this ternary system. The relative mutual solubility of levunilic acid is higher in the water layers than in the isoamyl alcohol or hexanol or decanol layers. The reliability of the experimental tie-line data was confirmed by using the Othmer-Tobias correlation. The LLE data of the ternary systems were predicted by UNIFAC method. Distribution coefficients and separation factors were measured to evaluate the extracting capability of the solvents. Furthermore, LSER model equation has been obtained to calculate distribution coefficients (d(2)) and separation factors (s) with R-1(2) = 0.963 and R-2(2) = 0.844. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
