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Öğe 2008 Global Finansal Krizi Işığında Orta Asya Ülkelerinde Kriz Öncü Göstergelerinin Değerlendirilmesi(Beykent Üniversitesi, 2012) Ongel, Volkan; Kuzu, SerdarSeveral financial crises that have different causes and effects occured in financial markets in which globalization takes its effect increasingly. Central Asian Countries which have gained their independence after the disintegration of the Soviet Union in 1991 both faced important socio-cultural and political changes and were affected many global crises during 1991-2012. The global financial crisis which occured in the USA in 2008 as a mortgage crisis spreaded as a result of globalization and affected the developing economies. 2008 global financial crisis caused trouble especially in macroeconomic issues such as employment, production, supply, demand, level of welfare, openness, price stability, economic growth, inflation and unemployment. This study aims to imply how the selected Central Asian Countries have been affected by the 2008 global financial crisis and their future expectations by analysing leading macroeconomic indicators. In this context, the effects of the global financial crisis on macroeconomic variables of Kazakhistan, Azerbaijan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan will be interpreted. In the light of these indicators, it will be analysed if there are leading indicators for a coming economic crisis in Central Asian Countries and also how their economic structure will be in the near future.Öğe Aral Gölü Havzasındaki Su Kaynaklarının Orta Asya Ülkelerinin Sürdürülebilir Büyümelerine Etkisi(Marmara Üniversitesi, 2011) Uslu, Kamil; Ongel, Volkan; Sozen, IlyasBu çalışmanın amacı; Sovyetler Birliğinin dağılması sonrasında bağımsızlığını kazanan 5 Orta Asya Ülkesinin (Kırgızistan, Tacikistan, Kazakistan, Özbekistan, Türkmenistan) sürdürülebilir büyümelerine su kaynaklarının etkisi üzerinde olacaktır. Özellikle adı geçen ülkelerin, su kaynakları ile olan ilişkilerini, su kaynaklarının bölge ülkelerindeki ekonomi- politik önemini ortaya koymaktır. Bu amaçla; Aral Gölü Havzasındaki su kullanımı ile ilgili sorunların ne olduğu, havza içerisindeki ülkelerin su ile ilgili potansiyel kullanımları, genel ekonomik yapıları, suyun kullanım ve paylaşım alışkanlıklarına yer verilecektir. Çalışmanın varsayımı; Aral Havzasındaki mevcut su kullanım miktarları ve kullanım alışkanlıklarıyla Orta Asya ülkelerinin sürdürülebilir büyümelerini sağlamalarının mümkün olmadığıdır.Öğe Avrupa Birliği Göç İlişkileri: Makedonya Odaklı Bir Analiz European Union Migration Relations(Beykent Üniversitesi, 2014) Sozen, Ilyas; Cam, Fatih; Ongel, VolkanIn the research, the process of the European Union, a candidate, a new member and a negotiating country’s migration experiences are compared (Macedonia, Bulgaria and Turkey). The results of this study are thought to be very important for Macedonia, which is not already negotiating for EU membership, in that it presents the difficulties Macedonia is facing on the way to EU membership. As for the methodology, after the theoretical descriptions which define the borders of the subject are done, economic, politic-legality and social dimensions of international migration are examined. Looked from this point of view, in this study, it is foreseen that becoming an EU member can be a solution to primarily migration “issues” and ethnic conflicts. In the evaluation of the findings which seem to support this hypothesis, the changes seen in the immigration and emigration dynamics of Bulgaria after it was admitted to EU are accepted as valuable data which determine the motivation of this study.Öğe CHAOS IN THE BLUE OCEAN: An Empirical Study Including Implication of Modern Management Theories in Turkey(Australian Journal of Business and Management Research, 2014) Altindag, Erkut; Cengiz, Sinan; Ongel, VolkanIn this empirical study, whether Six Sigma, Blue Ocean, Crisis Management and Chaos Theories had effects upon business performances, and if available, the direction of these effects were tried to be determined. The research hypotheses were established upon the assumption that modern management approaches as the independent variables had positive effects upon the business performance as the dependent variable. In order to determine this, the sample was created, and after performing data collection upon a valid sample, the analyses were made and the research results were concluded. After various analyses, it was concluded that the current management theories had positive effects upon the business performance. It was revealed in our study that the chaos theory applications provided to have relatively positive results for the businesses in our country because of the fierce competition and environmental conditions’ uncertainty rather than the developed countries.Öğe Digital Leadership's Influence on Individual Creativity and Employee Performance: A View through the Generational Lens(Mdpi, 2024) Ongel, Volkan; Gunsel, Ayse; Celik, Gulsah Gencer; Altindag, Erkut; Tatli, Hasan SadikToday's digitalized business atmosphere places significant emphasis on digital leadership, as digital transformation can only be successful for leaders who are capable of overseeing the entire digitalization process. In this study, we examine the employee-level outputs of digital leadership in terms of individual creativity and employee performance. Based on the data of 348 employees and by using PLS-SEM, we find that (i) digital leadership is a significant antecedent of individual creativity, and (ii) individual creativity fully mediates the relationship between digital leadership and employee performance. When digital leadership abilities are a matter of concern, it becomes necessary to mention the importance of generational differences between those leaders, as OB studies also underline the generational differences toward new technologies. Hence, we also conducted a multigroup analysis (MGA) to determine if those interrelationships among digital leadership, individual creativity, and employee performance differ due to the generations of the managers. Surprisingly, the MGA results reveal minor differences. The findings of this study highlight the importance of embracing digital leadership in fostering a creative and high-performing work environment and provide insights for organizations aiming to harness the unique strengths and talents of their multigenerational workforce. Digital leaders who foster a culture of innovation, adaptability, and open communication can inspire employees to think creatively and come up with novel ideas. By leveraging digital tools and providing a supportive environment, digital leaders can also enhance employee creativity and performance.Öğe Effect of Neoliberal Policies on Economic Development in the Case of Asian Tigers(IJOPEC Publication, 2011) Ongel, Volkan; Celebi, FusunIn this study it is aimed to prove if underdeveloped countries will reach desired developmental level or not, by application of neoliberalism policies. In this respect, developmental strategies and economical policies applied over Asian Tigers are assesed, and obtained results are analyzed. In conclusion, neoliberal policies will be claimed to effect developmental processes unfavourably. The reasons and resolution advisory to this negative effect will be assesed respectively. KeyWords: Economic Development, Economic Growth, Asian Tigers, industrialization, import substitution and Export Oriented StrategiesÖğe Human Development Index in Central Asian Countries(Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2012) Ongel, Volkan; Sozen, Ilyas; Celik, Ahmet Alkan[Abstract Not Available]Öğe Kişi Başına Sağlık Harcamalarının Sağlık Göstergeleri Üzerindeki Etkileri MINT ve BRIC Ülkelerinin Karşılaştırmalı Analizi(Beykent Üniversitesi, 2014) Ongel, Volkan; Altındag, Erkut; Ongel, GoktenMajor positive effect on health indicators of a country is seen to arise from the increase in their income within historical perspective. But according to many studies in the literature the impact of such changes vary depending on the country's overall level of development. In terms of the positive changes over the health indicators of a country can be said to affect the developmental processes in the same way especially in developing countries. In this context, our study highlights the recent and emerging economies of two groups of countries; BRIC (Brazil, Russia, India, and China) and MINT (Mexico, Indonesia, Nigeria, Turkey). The relationship between health expenditure per capita and life expectancy at birth time and mortality rates of children under age 1 are analyzed retrospectively.Öğe The Nature of Country of Origin Effect: Exploring COO Effect on Arçelik A.S.(Society for the Study of Business and Finance, 2014) Ongel, Volkan; Ongel, ElifThis paper examines the nature of the Country of Origin effect by exploring suggested options to enhance positive COO associations in consumers’ minds and offsetting negative COO impact on purchase decisions. The approach taken is a literature review with a comparison of Turkey’s white goods brand Beko Plc’s international growth and marketing strategies. This paper focuses on suggested international marketing strategies in order to increase the country image of Turkey as well as the brand image of Beko Plc. In the interest of achieving a sustainable growth in foreign markets and offsetting the negative consumers’ perceptions of products made in particular countries, organizations are in need of advanced quality management practices and applicable pricing policies that respond adequately to consumer needs.Öğe Orta Asya Ülkelerinin İnsani Gelişmişlik Endeksleri Açısından Değerlendirilmesi(Manas University Press, 2011) Ongel, Volkan; Sozen, Ilyas; Celik, Ahmet AlkanEconomic development and growth had been the most important target among all goverments throughout the history. In this respect, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan in Middle Asian Region had chosen development as primary target in 20 years time after their independence. Human capital is the leading factor to maintain economic development and growth. Development and growth terms over which different meanings and concepts were imposed in time, necessitated several political economic alterations. Before 1970’s, increase in income had been sufficient criterion for the development of a government. But nowadays economic development incorporates factors such as life expectancy at birth, school enrolment ratio, literancy rate, gender discrimination, poverty alleviation, equal distribution of income beyond economic growth. Herewith this change political preference and priorities has started to differentiate. The aim of this study is to discuss human development index (HDI) data of 5 Middle Asian countries in 2010 and changes in HDI in years after their independence. Comparisan between Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and HDI rates are also performed within this analysis. This study consists of data of 5 Middle Asian countries between years 1990-2010. Basic, retrospective, illustrative library method is used as the study method. In conclusion, we find that increase in GDP did not reflect over HDI in Middle Asian Countries within 20- years period.Öğe Ortadoğu ve Kuzey Afrika Ülkelerinin Rantiyeci Ekonomi Yapıları(İstanbul Ticaret Üniversitesi, 2011) Sozen, Ilyas; Uslu, Kamil; Ongel, VolkanRantiyeci Devlet Teorisine göre; ülke gelirlerinin yüzde 40’tan fazlasını ülke dışından ve tek kaynaktan sağlaması, o ülkenin rantiyeci bir yapıya sahip olduğunu göstermektedir. Doğal kaynak rantı, dünya genelinde en fazla Ortadoğu ve Kuzey Afrika (MENA) bölgesinde temin edilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, MENA bölgesindeki doğal kaynaklardan (petrol, doğalgaz v.b.) elde edilen rantın, iktisadi ve siyasi etkileri ele alınmaktadır. MENA ülkelerindeki doğal kaynak rantının etkileri, doğal kaynak fiyat artışlarının ve düşüşlerinin yaşandığı dönemlerde politik ekonomi modellere göre karşılaştırmalı olarak analiz edilmiştir. Karşılaştırmalı analizde MENA ülkeleri rantiyeci ve rantiyeci olmayan ülkeler olarak iki gruba ayrılmıştır. Rantın ülkeler üzerindeki etkileri; sosyo-ekonomik gelişim, iktisadi özgürlük ve sosyal devlet uygulamaları gibi göstergelerle incelenmiştir. Ortadoğu’da yer alan rantiyeci devletlerin kurumsal yapıları, günümüzde de, İbn-i Haldun’un sözünü ettiği asabiyetçilik (sosyal dayanışma) anlayışına dayanmaktadır. Kurumsal yapının değişmesi için, toplumsal olarak girişimci bir anlayışı ortaya çıkaracak politikaların uygulanması gerekmektedir.Öğe Pursuit For Strategic Foreign Trade Market(Gebze Institute of Technology, 2011) Ongel, Volkan; Celik, Ahmet Alkan; Sozen, IlyasWith the end of the Cold war and dissolution of the Soviet Union caused the termination of the trade structure between Turkey and Soviet Union. After the Soviet Union era, the newly independent states - that are out of planned economy- in Eurasia region and the trade relations that are kept with centralized management for many years started to be carried out with different states. This change affected trade relations that Turkey had with this region. Several unions were tried to be formed over the region for the past 20-year-period. However, because of several reasons, these unions failed. Nevertheless, EURASEC that was decided to be established in 2000, has become a constitution of customs union among 3 members. In 2012 a common market will be formed among these 3 countries that increase the economy by 2 trillion U.S. Dollars and trading volume by 1 billion U.S. Dollars. Therefore, this paper argues that EURASEC including especially Russia, Kazakhstan and Belarus common economic space would be a strategic foreign trade market for Turkey. Hence, this paper tries to analyze the goods specified trade opportunities of this market for Turkey’s export potential. This paper is based on the historical analyze method and also the statistical goods specified foreign trade data of relevant countries.Öğe Pursuit for strategic foreign trade market(Elsevier Science Bv, 2011) Ongel, Volkan; Celik, A. Alkan; Sozen, IlyasWith the end of the Cold war and dissolution of the Soviet Union caused the termination of the trade structure between Turkey and Soviet Union. After the Soviet Union era, the newly independent states-that are out of planned economy-in Eurasia region and the trade relations that are kept with centralized management for many years started to be carried out with different states. This change affected trade relations that Turkey had with this region. Several unions were tried to be formed over the region for the past 20-year-period. However, because of several reasons, these unions failed. Nevertheless, EURASEC that was decided to be established in 2000, has become a constitution of customs union among 3 members. In 2012 a common market will be formed among these 3 countries that increase the economy by 2 trillion U. S. Dollars and trading volume by 1 billion U. S. Dollars. Therefore, this paper argues that EURASEC including especially Russia, Kazakhstan and Belarus common economic space would be a strategic foreign trade market for Turkey. Hence, this paper tries to analyze the goods specified trade opportunities of this market for Turkey's export potential. This paper is based on the historical analyze method and also the statistical goods specified foreign trade data of relevant countries. (C) 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd. Selection and/or peer-review under responsibility 7th International Strategic Management ConferenceÖğe The Reflections of Health Spending on the Community Health: Comparative Analysis of Emerging Countries(R. M Shahzad, 2014) Ongel, Volkan; Gok, M. SahinIn the current economic system, efficient usage of limited resources has gained more importance. Besides enhancing the life quality especially in the health care, the efficient usage of the resources has come into prominence with the intention of providing service at the highest level possible. The main goal of this study is to evaluate the efficiency of the health care expenses to enhance the community health by means of analyzing the BRICS countries, known as growing economies (Brazil, the Russian Federation, India, China and South Africa). For that purpose, the comparative performance of each country for the period between 2008 and 2012 has been analyzed by use of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) technique. Moreover, the effect of the loss at the health care expenses has been analyzed within this study. The study outputs manifested that the BRICS countries have a linear trend shaped with positive and negative ends about the health care expenses and clearly revealed the effect of the loss at the health care expenses. In this sense, the study provides significant outputs and suggestions to the policymakers and decision-makers about the health care system in the BRICS countries.Öğe Serbest Ticaret Bölgesi Çerçevesinde Türkiye ile Suriye, Ürdün ve Lübnan Arasındaki Potansiyel Dış Ticaret Hacminin Uluslararası Çekim Modeli Yoluyla Tahmini(Trakya Üniversitesi, 2011) Gencer, Ayşen Hiç; Ongel, VolkanGünümüzde dünyanın çeşitli bölgelerinde ekonomik, politik ve güvenlik amaçlar ile kurulmuş birçok serbest ticaret bölgesi bulunmaktadır. Bu bağlamda, dünyanın en stratejik bölgelerinden olan Ortadoğu Bölgesinde de, Türkiye, Suriye, Lübnan ve Ürdün arasında ekonomik ve politik amaçlarla 10 Haziran 2010’da gerçekleştirilen 3. Türk-Arap işbirliği forumu çerçevesinde, bir serbest ticaret bölgesi oluşturmak üzere karar alınmıştır. Çalışmamızda, “çekim modeli” (gravity model) kullanılarak Türkiye ile söz konusu ülkeler arasındaki ticaret potansiyeli tahmin edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak; Türkiye, Suriye, Lübnan ve Ürdün arasındaki mevcut ticaret hacminin son yıllarda çekim modelinin beklediğinden daha düşük olduğu, dolayısıyla serbest ticaret bölgesi kurulmasının Türkiye için bir dış ticaret fazlası yaratabileceği tahmin edilmiştir.Öğe Thyroid function in healthy and unhealthy preterm newborns(Makerere Univ, Fac Med, 2018) Korkmaz, Gokten; Ozcetin, Mustafa; Cag, Yakup; Yukselmis, Ufuk; Ongel, Volkan; Isik, OlcayBackground: The thyroid gland and hormonal regulation are among the most important systems to be investigated in pre-term infants. This study sought to investigate thyroid hormone levels of healthy and unhealthy pre-term infants. Methods: The prospective study included 53 consecutive premature infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit within a duration of one year. Of these preterm babies, 20 were healthy, while 33 had problems such as asphyxia or RDS. Venous blood samples were collected at baseline 0-24 hours, 7 and 14 days and FT3, FT4, and TSH levels were determined. Other data recorded included demographic characteristics of the patients and clinical variables. Results: The most frequent health problems were RDS (87.9%), sepsis (30.3%), and retinopathy of prematurity (24.2%). The mean TSH levels showed a consistent decline at three consequent measurements in both groups, which were always significantly lower in unhealthy pre-terms. In both groups, TSH levels showed significant decreases on Day 7 and Day 14 compared to the baseline levels (p<005). The levels of FT3 and FT4 consistently showed significant correlations with gestational week and birth weight at each of the three measurements. Conclusion: Pre-term infants, especially those having problems, have significant hypothyroxinemia that may require thyroid hormone replacement therapy.Öğe Türkiye İçin Alternatif Bir Dış Ticaret Pazarı: Avrasya Ekonomik Topluluğu(Beykent Üniversitesi, 2010) Ongel, VolkanThe Eurasian Economic Community (EEC) is an international organization that has been created by five Commonwealth of İndependent States countries (Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia and Tajikistan) on October 10th,2000. The object of this organization was promote the creation of a customs union and the common economic space. After ten years in 2010, three countries (Belarus, Russia and Kazakhstan) made a custom union agreeament as a second step. And the target is to establish a common economic space by 1 January 2012, a single market for goods, investment and labor. This custom union creates a common market of 170 million people with a $2 trillion economy, $900 billion trade and 90 billion barrels of oil reserves. This three countries have a strategic geopolitical position, rich producer goods reservers:especially oil and natural gas. The economic structure of these three countries can be explain as consumer goods importer, producer goods exporter. This is the exact opposite of Europian Union economic structure. Therefore, this paper argues that The Eurasian Economic Community would be a good forein trade market alternative of EU for Turkey. Hence this paper tries to analyse the trade opportunities of this market for Turkey’s export. This paper based on the istatistical foreign trade datas of relevant countries.
