The very forward CASTOR calorimeter of the CMS experiment

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dc.contributor.authorKhachatryan, V.
dc.contributor.authorSirunyan, A. M.
dc.contributor.authorTumasyan, A.
dc.contributor.authorAdam, W.
dc.contributor.authorAmbrogi, F.
dc.contributor.authorBergauer, T.
dc.contributor.authorDragicevic, M.
dc.date.accessioned2024-03-13T10:35:32Z
dc.date.available2024-03-13T10:35:32Z
dc.date.issued2021
dc.departmentİstanbul Beykent Üniversitesien_US
dc.description.abstractThe physics motivation, detector design, triggers, calibration, alignment, simulation, and overall performance of the very forward CASTOR calorimeter of the CMS experiment are reviewed. The CASTOR Cherenkov sampling calorimeter is located very close to the LHC beam line, at a radial distance of about 1 cm from the beam pipe, and at 14.4 m from the CMS interaction point, covering the pseudorapidity range of -6.6 < eta < - 5.2. It was designed to withstand high ambient radiation and strong magnetic fields. The performance of the detector in measurements of forward energy density, jets, and processes characterized by rapidity gaps, is reviewed using data collected in proton and nuclear collisions at the LHC.en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipHelmholtz Association (Germany) [HN-NG-733, HRJRG-002]; A. G. Leventis Foundation (Greece); T2+CASTOR combined data analysis; Austrian Federal Ministry of Education, Science and Research; Austrian Science Fund; Belgian Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique; Fonds voor Wetenschapplijk Onderzoek; CAPES; FAPERJ; FAPERGS; (FAPESP); Bulgarian Ministry of Education and Science; Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ministry of Science and Technology; National Natural Science Foundation of China; Colombian Funding Agency (COLCIENCIAS); Croatian Ministry of Science, Education and Sport; Croatian Science Foundation; Research and Innovation Foundation, Cyprus; Secretariat for Higher Education, Science, Technology and Innovation, Ecuador; Ministry of Education and Research; Estonian Research Council [PRG780, PRG803, PRG445]; Academy of Finland; Helsinki Institute of Physics; Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives/CEA, France; Bundesministerium fur Bildung und Forschung; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) [Strategy-EXC 2121]; Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft Deutscher Forschungszentren, Germany; National Research, Development and Innovation Fund, Hungary; Department of Atomic Energy; Science Foundation, Ireland; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Italy; National Research Foundation (NRF), Republic of Korea; University of Malaya (Malaysia); Ministry of Science of Montenegro; CONACYT; (UASLP-FAI); Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission; National Science Centre, Poland; Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia, Portugal; JINR, Dubna; Federal Agency of Atomic Energy of the Russian Federation [IDI-2018-000174]; SNF; UniZH, Canton Zurich; Turkish Atomic Energy Authority; US Department of Energy; US National Science Foundation; Marie-Curie program; European Research Council; Horizon 2020 Grant [675440, 724704, 752730, 765710]; Leventis Foundation; A.P. Sloan Foundation; Alexander von Humboldt Foundation; Belgian Federal Science Policy Office; Fonds pour la Formation a la Recherche dans l'Industrie et dans l'Agriculture (FRIA-Belgium); Agentschap voor Innovatie door Wetenschap en Technologie (IWT-Belgium); FWO (Belgium) [30820817]; Be 1/4 ing Municipal Science AMP; Technology Commission [Z191100007219010]; Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (MEYS) of the Czech Republic; Janos Bolyai Research Scholarship of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences [123842, 123959, 124845, 124850, 125105, 128713, 128786, 129058]; Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, India; HOMING PLUS program of the Foundation for Polish Science; European Union, Regional Development Fund [Harmonia 2014/14/M/ST2/00428, 2014/13/B/ST2/02543, 2014/15/B/ST2/03998, 2015/19/B/ST2/02861]; Sonata-bis [2012/07/E/ST2/01406]; National Priorities Research Program by Qatar National Research Fund; Ministry of Science and Higher Education [a03.21.0005]; Tomsk Polytechnic University Competitiveness Enhancement Program; Programa de Excelencia Maria de Maeztu, and the Programa Severo Ochoa del Principado de Asturias; Thalis and Aristeia programs; EU-ESF; Greek NSRF; Rachadapisek Sompot Fund for Postdoctoral Fellowship, Chulalongkorn University; Kavli Foundation; Nvidia Corporation; SuperMicro Corporation; Welch Foundation [C-1845]; Weston Havens Foundation (U.S.A.)en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipWe congratulate our colleagues in the CERN accelerator departments for the excellent performance of the LHC and thank the technical and administrative staffs at CERN and at other CMS institutes for their contributions to the success of the CMS effort. In addition, we gratefully acknowledge the computing centers and personnel of the Worldwide LHC Computing Grid for delivering so effectively the computing infrastructure essential to our analyses. Moreover, the CASTOR detector project received important support and explicit funding from the Helmholtz Association (Germany) via grants HN-NG-733 and the joint Helmholtz-Russian grant HRJRG-002, as well from the A. G. Leventis Foundation (Greece). We are also grateful to our Colleagues from the TOTEM Collaboration for the combined data taking and the fantastic work on the T2+CASTOR combined data analysis.; r r Finally, we acknowledge the enduring support for the construction and operation of the LHC and the CMS detector provided by the following funding agencies: the Austrian Federal Ministry of Education, Science and Research and the Austrian Science Fund; the Belgian Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique, and Fonds voor Wetenschapplijk Onderzoek; the Brazilian Funding Agencies (CNPq, CAPES, FAPERJ, FAPERGS, and FAPESP); the Bulgarian Ministry of Education and Science; CERN; the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, and National Natural Science Foundation of China; the Colombian Funding Agency (COLCIENCIAS); the Croatian Ministry of Science, Education and Sport, and the Croatian Science Foundation; the Research and Innovation Foundation, Cyprus; the Secretariat for Higher Education, Science, Technology and Innovation, Ecuador; the Ministry of Education and Research, Estonian Research Council via PRG780, PRG803 and PRG445 and EuropeanRegional Development Fund, Estonia; the Academy of Finland, Finnish Ministry of Education and Culture, and Helsinki Institute of Physics; the Institut National de Physique Nucleaire et de Physique des Particules/CNRS, and Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives/CEA, France; the Bundesministerium fur Bildung und Forschung, the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) under Germany's Excellence Strategy-EXC 2121 Quantum Universe-390833306, and Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft Deutscher Forschungszentren, Germany; the General Secretariat for Research and Technology, Greece; the National Research, Development and Innovation Fund, Hungary; the Department of Atomic Energy and the Department of Science and Technology, India; the Institute for Studies in Theoretical Physics and Mathematics, Iran; the Science Foundation, Ireland; the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Italy; the Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning, and National Research Foundation (NRF), Republic of Korea; the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Latvia; the Lithuanian Academy of Sciences; the Ministry of Education, and University of Malaya (Malaysia); the Ministry of Science of Montenegro; the Mexican Funding Agencies (BUAP, CINVESTAV, CONACYT, LNS, SEP, and UASLP-FAI); the Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment, New Zealand; the Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission; the Ministry of Science and Higher Education and the National Science Centre, Poland; the Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia, Portugal; JINR, Dubna; the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, the Federal Agency of Atomic Energy of the Russian Federation, Russian Academy of Sciences, the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, and the National Research Center Kurchatov Institute; the Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of Serbia; the Secretaria de Estado de Investigacion, Desarrollo e Innovacion, Programa Consolider-Ingenio 2010, Plan Estatal de Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnica y de Innovacion 2017-2020, research project IDI-2018-000174 del Principado de Asturias, and Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional, Spain; the Ministry of Science, Technology and Research, Sri Lanka; the Swiss Funding Agencies (ETH Board, ETH Zurich, PSI, SNF, UniZH, Canton Zurich, and SER); the Ministry of Science and Technology, Taipei; the Thailand Center of Excellence in Physics, the Institute for the Promotion of Teaching Science and Technology of Thailand, Special Task Force for Activating Research and the National Science and Technology Development Agency of Thailand; the Scientific an; dr Ter chnical Research Council of Turkey, and Turkish Atomic Energy Authority; the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine; the Science and Technology Facilities Council, U.K.; the US Department of Energy, and the US National Science Foundation.r Individuals have received support from the Marie-Curie program and the European Research Council and Horizon 2020 Grant, contract Nos. 675440, 724704, 752730, and 765710 (European Union); the Leventis Foundation; the A.P. Sloan Foundation; the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation; the Belgian Federal Science Policy Office; the Fonds pour la Formation a la Recherche dans l'Industrie et dans l'Agriculture (FRIA-Belgium); the Agentschap voor Innovatie door Wetenschap en Technologie (IWT-Belgium); the F.R.S.-FNRS and FWO (Belgium) under the Excellence of Science-EOS-be.h project n. 30820817; the Be 1/4 ing Municipal Science & Technology Commission, No. Z191100007219010; the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (MEYS) of the Czech Republic; the Lendulet (Momentum) Program and the Janos Bolyai Research Scholarship of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, the New National Excellence Program UNKP, the NKFIA research grants 123842, 123959, 124845, 124850, 125105, 128713, 128786, and 129058 (Hungary); the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, India; the HOMING PLUS program of the Foundation for Polish Science, cofinanced from European Union, Regional Development Fund, the Mobility Plus program of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education, the National Science Center (Poland), contracts Harmonia 2014/14/M/ST2/00428, Opus 2014/13/B/ST2/02543, 2014/15/B/ST2/03998, and 2015/19/B/ST2/02861, Sonata-bis 2012/07/E/ST2/01406; the National Priorities Research Program by Qatar National Research Fund; the Ministry of Science and Higher Education, project no. 02.a03.21.0005 (Russia); the Tomsk Polytechnic University Competitiveness Enhancement Program; the Programa de Excelencia Maria de Maeztu, and the Programa Severo Ochoa del Principado de Asturias; the Thalis and Aristeia programs cofinanced by EU-ESF, and the Greek NSRF; the Rachadapisek Sompot Fund for Postdoctoral Fellowship, Chulalongkorn University, and the Chulalongkorn Academic into Its 2nd Century Project Advancement Project (Thailand); the Kavli Foundation; the Nvidia Corporation; the SuperMicro Corporation; the Welch Foundation, contract C-1845; and the Weston Havens Foundation (U.S.A.).en_US
dc.identifier.doi10.1088/1748-0221/16/02/P02010
dc.identifier.issn1748-0221
dc.identifier.issue2en_US
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-85101722929en_US
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ2en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/16/02/P02010
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12662/4467
dc.identifier.volume16en_US
dc.identifier.wosWOS:000625188800006en_US
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ4en_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Scienceen_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopusen_US
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherIop Publishing Ltden_US
dc.relation.ispartofJournal Of Instrumentationen_US
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanıen_US
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessen_US
dc.subjectCalorimetersen_US
dc.subjectCherenkov detectorsen_US
dc.subjectLarge detector systems for particle and astropartide physicsen_US
dc.titleThe very forward CASTOR calorimeter of the CMS experimenten_US
dc.typeArticleen_US

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