Effects of Steam Sterilization and Recycling on the Mechanical and Surface Properties of 3D-Printed Biodegradable PLA and Re-PLA Materials

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dc.authorid0000-0003-2904-1618
dc.authorid0009-0003-2344-6910
dc.authorid0009-0000-0534-3940
dc.authorid0000-0002-1893-2266
dc.contributor.authorKarayer, Yunus
dc.contributor.authorAltinsoy, Sakir
dc.contributor.authorKoc, Gokce
dc.contributor.authorCan, Diyadin
dc.contributor.authorTogar, Yunus Emre
dc.date.accessioned2026-01-31T15:09:06Z
dc.date.available2026-01-31T15:09:06Z
dc.date.issued2025
dc.departmentİstanbul Beykent Üniversitesi
dc.description.abstractPolylactic acid (PLA) is an eco-friendly polymer known for its biodegradability and biocompatibility, yet its properties are sensitive to recycling and sterilization. These processes may cause chain scission and structural irregularities, leading to reduced strength, brittleness, or unpredictable deformation. In this study, PLA and recycled PLA (Re-PLA) specimens were produced by FDM 3D printing with different infill rates (25%, 50%, 75%), layer thicknesses (0.15, 0.20, 0.25 mm), and printing orientations (0 degrees, 45 degrees, 90 degrees). Steam sterilization at 121 degrees C and 1 bar for 15 min simulated biomedical conditions. Mechanical, surface, degradation, and biocompatibility properties were examined using three-point bending, roughness measurements, SEM, and cell viability tests. Results showed that infill rate was the main parameter affecting flexural strength and surface quality, while orientation increased roughness. Sterilization and recycling made deformation less predictable, particularly in St-Re-PLA. SEM revealed stronger bonding at higher infill, but more brittle fractures in PLA and Re-PLA, while sterilized specimens showed ductile features. No visible degradation occurred at any infill level. Regression analysis confirmed that second-order polynomial models effectively predicted flexural strength, with layer thickness being most influential. These findings provide critical insights into optimizing PLA and Re-PLA processing for biomedical applications, particularly in the production of sterilizable and recyclable implantable devices.
dc.description.sponsorshipScientific Research Projects Coordination Unit of Istanbul Yeni Yuzyil University [Idot;YYUE-BAP-AP-2025-22]
dc.description.sponsorshipThis work was supported by the Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit of Istanbul Yeni Yuzyil University, project number: & Idot;YYUE-BAP-AP-2025-22. The authors would like to thank the Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit of Istanbul Yeni Yuzyil University for their support in this matter. This publication was supported by the Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit of Istanbul Yeni Yuzyil University.
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/polym17192590
dc.identifier.issn2073-4360
dc.identifier.issue19
dc.identifier.pmid41096236
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-105018907336
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ1
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org./10.3390/polym17192590
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12662/10822
dc.identifier.volume17
dc.identifier.wosWOS:001593532200001
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ1
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Science
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopus
dc.indekslendigikaynakPubMed
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherMdpi
dc.relation.ispartofPolymers
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanı
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.snmzKA_WoS_20260128
dc.subjectPLA
dc.subject3D printer
dc.subjectsterilization
dc.subjectrecycling
dc.subjectmechanical properties
dc.subjectbiocompatibility
dc.titleEffects of Steam Sterilization and Recycling on the Mechanical and Surface Properties of 3D-Printed Biodegradable PLA and Re-PLA Materials
dc.typeArticle

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