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    Distribution of Penicillin G from the Aqueous Phase to the Organic Phase Using Amberlite LA-2 Extractant in Different Diluents
    (Amer Chemical Soc, 2014) Uslu, Hasan; Gunyeli, Seyhan; Ilbay, Zeynep; Kirbaslar, S. Ismail
    Benzyl penicillin, known as penicillin G (PG), is a beta-lactam antibiotic and also a weak monocarboxylic acid. The penicillin G extraction from aqueous solution by Amberlite LA-2 in different diluents, that is, octan-1-ol, nonan-1-ol, 3-methyl-1-butanol, ethyl ethanoate, propyl ethanoate, 4-methylpentan-2-one, octan-2-one, octane, and decane has been studied. According to experimental results, some thermodynamic parameters, such as distribution coefficients (K-D), loading factors (Z), and the extraction efficiency or degree (E), were calculated. The best extraction efficiency, distribution coefficient, and loading factor were determined using 3-methyl-1-butanol diluent as values of 92.63, 12.25, and 0.195, respectively. The linear solvation energy relationship (LSER) model was regressed for the experimental results of the distribution coefficient with the regression coefficient (R-2) as 0.96. Besides, the equilibrium model for the extraction degree of alcohols has been applied and compared with experimental data.
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    Separation of Penicillin G from Fermentation Broth Using N,N-Dioctyloctan-1-amine Extractant in Different Diluents
    (Taylor & Francis Inc, 2015) Uslu, Hasan; Gunyeli, Seyhan; Ilbay, Zeynep; Kirbaslar, S. Ismail
    The extraction of penicillin G was investigated using N,N-Dioctyloctan-1-amine (TOA) with different diluents having distinct functional groups. Nine diluents were used in the study, namely, octan-1-ol, nonan-1-ol, isoamyl alcohol, ethyl ethanoate, propyl ethanoate, methyl iso butyl ketone(MIBK), octan-2-one, octane, and decane. The measurements were performed at a temperature of 298.2 K. The experimental results of batch extractions were used to calculate distribution coefficients (K-D), loading factors (Z), and extraction efficiency (E). The highest distribution coefficient (K-D = 5.79) was obtained with isoamyl alcohol, and its extraction efficiency was 85.27%. Further, the highest loading factor was reached to a value of 0.130 at 0.374 mol.kg(-1) amine concentration. Overloading was not observed at any amine concentration. Solvatochromic model (Linear solvation Energy Relationship (LSER)) for data which obtained from alcohols experiments gives the good results as near as same to experimental results. Suitability of data between experiments and model predictions have been tested with root main square deviation (RMSD) with 0.99.