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    Effect of Diluents on the Extraction of Fumaric Acid by Tridodecyl Amine (TDA)
    (Amer Chemical Soc, 2015) Gemici, Aysegul; Uslu, Hasan; Gok, Asli; Kirbaslar, S. Ismail
    Separation of fumaric acid from aqueous media with tridodecyl amine (TDA), which is a long chain aliphatic amine, was carried out at 298 K. Different categories of diluents, ketones (methyl iso butyl ketone (MIBK), 2-heptanone, and 2-octanone) and alcohols (isoamyl alcohol, 1-octanol) and 1-decanoL) were used to dissolve TDA. Distribution coefficients (K-D), extraction efficiency (E), and loading factors (Z) were obtained as a function a experimental results. The most operative diluent was determined as heptan-2-one with the highest distribution coefffdent (KD) value of 26.00. In additional to experimental studies, the linear solvation energy relationship (LSER) modeling with included Hidebrand Hansen solubility parameters was applied for alcoholic diluents. Predicted data by LSER gave good agreement with experimental data.
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    Extractability of Fumaric Acid by Tributyl Amine (TBA) in Ketones and Alcohols
    (Amer Chemical Soc, 2015) Gemici, Aysegul; Uslu, Hasan; Kirbaslar, S. Ismail
    Fumaric acid extraction from aqueous media by tributyl amine (TBA), which is an aliphatic amine, was studied at 298 K. Ketones (methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK), heptan-2-one, octan-2-one) and alcohols (isoamyl alcohol, octan-1-ol, decan-1-ol) were selected as the diluent for dissolving TBA. Distribution ratio (K-D), loading ratio (T), and extraction degree (D-E) were calculated from experimental results. 96% efficiency was reached with isoamyl alcohol at 2.08 mol.kg(-1) of TBA concentration. Futher, the linear solvation energy relationship (LSER) modeling cooperated with Hidebrand-Hansen solubility parameters was used for prediction KD of alcoholic diluents. The LSER model gave closeness prediction to experimental data.
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    Reactive Extraction of (E)-Butenedioic Acid (Fumaric Acid) by Nontoxic Diluents
    (Amer Chemical Soc, 2014) Uslu, Hasan; Gemici, Aysegul; Gok, Asli; Kirbaslar, S. Ismail
    In this work, the equilibrium distribution of (E)-butenedioic acid (fumaric acid) between water and tridodecylamine (TDDA) or tributylamine (TBA) was carried out at 298 K. The organic phase was prepared using both TDDA and TBA in three nontoxic diluents (canola oil, sesame oil, and almond oil). The batch equilibrium experimental data are presented by calculation of the loading factor (Z), extraction efficiency (E), and distribution coefficient (K-D). The highest extraction efficiencies of 92.59 % and 92.50 % with values of KD equal to 12.50 and 12.40 were obtained with 0.789 mol center dot kg1 TDDA in canola oil and 2.080 mol.kg(1) TBA in canola oil. The extraction abilities of TDDA and TBA in different nontoxic natural diluents in terms of K-D and E were found to be in the order of canola oil > almond oil > sesame oil. Partition coefficients (P = 0.3819, 0.4739, and 0.7535) and dimerization constants (D = 83.64, 50.28, and 43.51) were calculated according to physical extraction for sesame oil, almond oil, and canola oil, respectively.