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    Analysis of atherosclerosis by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy and scanning acoustic microscopy
    (Iop Publishing Ltd, 2020) Tanoren, Bukem; Ugurlucan, Murat; Alkan, Fatma Ates
    Calcium deposition within the atherosclerotic plaques is the precursor of cardiovascular complications. Therefore, determination of levels of minerals and trace elements in blood plays an important role in assigning the stage of atherosclerosis. In this study, determination of mineral and trace element levels in atherosclerotic patients is aimed. Mineral and trace element levels within serum samples of 12 atherosclerotic patients were evaluated by Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES) and phosphorous (P), iron (Fe), magnesium (Mg) and calcium (Ca) levels were examined. Human carotid atherosclerotic plaque samples were previously screened by Scanning Acoustic Microscopy (SAM) and sound speed maps of the plaques showed higher sound speed values in the calcified regions, when compared to collagen-rich regions, indicating accumulation of calcium. Element analysis also showed increased Ca levels within serum samples. Therefore, it can be concluded that Ca deposition can be examined by ICP-OES and SAM, indicating that these techniques are confirmatory and may be combined to characterize atherosclerosis in the future.
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    Evaluation of trace elements in essential thrombocytosis and reactive thrombocytosis
    (Elsevier Gmbh, 2022) Tekin, Tuba Ozkan; Karis, Denizhan; Alkan, Fatma Ates; Cetin, Guven; Ercan, Alev Meltem
    Background: Trace elements (TE) are vital for cellular mechanisms at biological, chemical and molecular levels. The effects of TE in diagnosis, progression and treatment of essential thrombocytosis (ET), which is one of the chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms is a rare clonal stem cell disease characterized by increased thrombocyte numbers with impaired function, have not been elucidated in detail yet. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of TE alterations in an ET model and the efficacy of TE in ET treatment protocol by means of a vast number of TE.Methods: Study groups were categorized as patients with ET diagnosis (ET group, n:30), patients with reactive thrombocytosis secondary to iron deficiency anemia (IDA-RT) (IDA-RT group, n:30) and healthy controls (HC group, n:30). Serum levels of copper (Cu), iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), aluminum (Al), silicon (Si), nickel (Ni), zinc (Zn), selenium (Se), manganese (Mn), boron (B) and magnesium (Mg) were analyzed utilizing inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrophotometer instrument (ICP-OES). Statistical analysis was evaluated using SPSS 23.0.Results: ET group had statistically higher serum levels of Co and Mg (p < 0.05), Ni and Mn (p < 0.001), and lower Si (p < 0.05) than IDA-RT group. ET group had statistically higher serum levels of Co and Mn (p < 0.05), and Ni (p < 0.001), and lower Al, Si and Se (p < 0.001) than HC group. Serum levels of Fe, Al and Se (p < 0.001), and Mg (p < 0.01), and Zn (p < 0.05) in IDA-RT group were significantly lower than HC group.Conclusion: This novel study pointed out that alterations of many serum TE by means of both increment or decrement might have close relationship with mechanisms and complications of ET onset and follow-up. We consider that further research of TE would elucidate ethiopathogenesis and prognosis of ET. Thus, analysis of serum trace elements in essential thrombocytosis patients may be an important protocol by means of diagnosis, treatment and follow-up intervals.
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    EVALUATION OF ZINC AND COPPER TOXICITY CAUSED BY INGESTION OF TURKISH COINS: AN IN VITRO STUDY
    (Polish Society Magnesium Research, 2020) Alkan, Fatma Ates; Kilinc, Evren; Gulyasar, Tevfik; Or, Mehmet Erman
    Coins are foreign objects that are commonly ingested by children and pets due to their shiny appearance and bright colors. The current study investigated whether Turkish coins can lead to zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) toxicity as a result of exposure to simulated gastric juice (i.e. hydrochloric acid solution simulating the gastric environment). Five groups of coins were exposed to simulated gastric juice (0.15 N, pH:1-2) for a period of 4 (Group 1), 12 (Group 2), 24 (Group 3), 48 (Group 4), 72 (Group 5) and 120 h (Group 5) at body temp. (37 degrees C). Zinc and copper levels were determined in the gastric acid solution by using an inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrophotometer (ICP-OES). The coins were also evaluated for corrosive damage and weight loss. Group 5 had statistically higher Cu and Zn levels versus the other groups. However, at body temp. (37 degrees C), copper and zinc levels increased steadily in parallel to the duration for which the coin remained in the stomach after ingestion. After 120-hour exposure at 37 degrees C, all coins had various types of damage compared to the baseline, such as color alteration, erosion, and visible surface cavities. The mechanisms relating to local and systemic copper and zinc toxicity caused by coin ingestion is yet to be clarified for both Turkish and international coins. Therefore, it can be foreseen that intervention is required in the first 24 h after ingesting 5 kurus coins and, unless removed spontaneously in 48 h, such intervention is needed for the other coins.
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    In Vitro Dielectric Properties of Rat Skin Tissue for Microwave Skin Cancer Detection
    (IEEE, 2019) Aydinalp, Cemanur; Joof, Sulayman; Yilmaz, Tuba; Ozsobaci, Nural Pastaci; Alkan, Fatma Ates; Akduman, Ibrahim
    Dermal tissue characterization based on dielectric properties can be utilized as a non-invasive method for diagnosis of skin cancers. To enable such technology, there is a need to develop techniques that can rapidly and accurately collect the dielectric properties of the skin tissues. Therefore, the current measurement techniques and tools has to be optimized for skin cancer detection. To this end, this study presents dielectric property measurements with open-ended coaxial probes having small apertures customized for detection of skin cancer. Relative permittivity and conductivity of rat skin tissue is characterized with open-ended coaxial probes with outer diameters of 0.9mm and 0.5mm between 0.5GHz-6GHz and the measurement results are compared with the traditional probes having diameter of 2.2mm. The results agree well with the reported literature data.
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    Level of trace elements in serum and toenail samples of patients with onychocryptosis (ingrown toenail) and onychomycosis
    (Elsevier Gmbh, 2020) Kilinc, Evren; Buturak, Birce; Alkan, Fatma Ates
    Background: Onychocryptosis (ingrown toenail) and onychomycosis are common pathologies of the toenail and affecting many people. Since levels of trace elements have been shown to vary in certain diseases, in the presented work, chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), selenium (Se), and zinc (Zn) levels of toenail and serum samples of healthy individuals and patients with onychocryptosis and onychomycosis were compared. Methods: Serum and toenail samples of 88 voluntary subjects (healthy n = 24; onychomycosis n = 24; onychocryptosis n = 40) aged between 19-80 years were collected. Levels of trace elements in the samples were analyzed by using an inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrophotometer (ICP-OES Thermo iCAP-6000). The differences in medians between the groups for elements were evaluated with Kruskal -Wallis H test with post hoc for pairwise comparisons in SPSS 18. Results: Mg (p < 0.001) and Mn (p = 0.002) levels were significantly increased whereas Zn (p = 0.011) level was decreased in toenails of patients with onychomycosis compared to healthy subjects. Although Mg and Mn levels were higher in female subjects with onychomycosis (p = 0.001; p = 0.019), Mn was only increased in male subjects (p = 0.015). Mg was the only trace element found to be independent of sex, age, and smoking status in patients with onychomycosis. However, no significant difference has been found in serum trace element levels neither between any groups nor toenail trace element levels of patients with onychocryptosis and healthy subjects. Conclusion: As a response of the human body to pathogens like fungi in toenails, Mg, Mn and Zn levels vary. Especially the role of Mg ions in onychomycosis needs to be investigated more specifically.
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    Serum trace element levels in Equine Herpesvirus 1 infected horses
    (Sivar-Soc Italiana Veterinari Animali Reddito, 2021) Marenzoni, Maria Luisa; Iskefli, Onur; Alkan, Fatma Ates; Avellini, Luca; Yaramis, Cagla Parkan; Or, M. Erman
    Equine herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1) is responsible for several syndromes, such as respiratory disease, abortion, fatal viral pneumonia in neonatal foals, and a neurological syndrome, currently referred to as EHV-1 myeloencephalopathy. The analysis of trace element levels in the sera of EHV-1 infected horses could be useful in clarifying the pathogenesis or pathophysiology of these EHVinduced clinical syndromes. Previous studies have shown significant alterations for some serum trace elements (zinc, iron, copper) in EHV-1 infected horses, and this could be justified by the putative role of these elements in many immunological pathways or by their antiviral activity. The aim of the present study was to perform a comparison by retrospective serological study of 52 EHV-1 infected and non-infected horses, both healthy and ill, to establish whether there were possible alterations in serum levels of arsenic, copper, boron, zinc, iron, chromium, magnesium, manganese, selenium, and silicium. Horses were categorized based on the type of syndrome (respiratory disease, abortion, or neurological disease) and the presence of seroconversion (by virus neutralization) and the result of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for EHV-1. Levels of serum chromium, copper, selenium, boron, and silicium were significantly different among different groups of EHV-1 infected or non-infected horses. Serum chromium levels were higher in infected horses compared to non-infected individuals (p=0.0001). Levels of serum copper (p=0.001), magnesium (p=0.05), selenium (p=0.004), and silicium (p=0.004) were significantly lower in the horses with neurological disease. While levels of serum chromium (p=0.005) were higher, those of boron (p=0.002) were significantly lower in cases of EHV1 abortion. Overall, the present study revealed alterations in the serum levels of some trace elements between EHV-1 non-infected and infected horses, such as those that aborted or developed neurological signs. However, the relationship between the trace elements and the outcomes of the infection could not be established. Further research is needed to enlighten the effects of trace element alterations on the equine herpesvirus-1 infection pathogenesis in horses.