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    Comparison of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP, ADCYAP1) gene polymorphisms among patients with methamphetamine addiction, methamphetamine-induced psychosis and healthy controls
    (Masson Editeur, 2023) Turan, Cetin; Senormanci, Guliz; Senormanci, Omer; Celik, Sevim Karakas; Cakmak, Gunes; Demirci, Onur Okan
    Objective. - Recent studies have shown the role of the PACAPergic system in addiction and psychotic disorders. Studies also show the close association of methamphetamine with psychosis. In our study, we aim to compare the distribution of PACAP rs2856966, rs2231181, and rs1610037 gene polymorphisms, as determined according to literature research, among the patients with methamphetamine addiction (MA), patients with methamphetamine-induced psychosis (MIP), and healthy controls (HC), and to investigate the associations of these polymorphisms with MA and MIP.Methods. - In all, 173 patients diagnosed with MA, 120 patients diagnosed with MIP, and 104 HC without any history of substance abuse were included. Inter-group PACAP rs2856966, rs2231181, and rs1610037 genotypes were examined.Results. - The rs2231181 CC genotype was determined to increase the risk of MA by 2708 times (13 = 2708, P = 0.010) and the risk of MIP by 2786 times (13 = 2786, P = 0.010). The rs1610037 GG genotype was observed to increase the risk of MA by 9322 times (13 = 9322, P < 0.001) and the risk of MIP by 6579 times (13 = 6579, P = 0.004). Conclusion. - Through the PACAPergic system, new treatment interventions specific to MIP and for reducing relapses in MA can be developed. Moreover, treatments to be developed through the PACAPergic system may also be beneficial in preventing the neurotoxicity caused by methamphetamine, by the effect of PACAP on neural development.(c) 2023 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.
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    Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Biomarkers in People with Methamphetamine Use Disorder
    (Korean Coll Neuropsychopharmacology, 2023) Turan, Cetin; Senormanci, Guliz; Neselioglu, Salim; Budak, Yasemin; Erel, Ozcan; Senormanci, Omer
    Objective: This study aimed to investigate the blood serum levels of biomarkers specifying oxidative stress status and systemic inflammation between people using methamphetamine (METH) and the control group (CG). Serum thiol/disulfide balance and ischemia-modified albumin levels were studied to determine oxidative stress, and serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels and complete blood count (CBC) were to assess inflammation. Methods: Fifty patients with METH use disorder (MUD) and 36 CG participants were included in the study. Two tubes of venous blood samples were taken to measure oxidative stress, serum thiol/disulfide balance, ischemia-modified albumin, and IL-6 levels between groups. The correlation of parameters measuring oxidative stress and inflammation between groups with sociodemographic data was investigated. Results: In this study, serum total thiol, free thiol levels, disulfide/native thiol percentage ratios, and serum ischemia-modified albumin levels of the patients were statistically significantly higher than the healthy controls. No difference was observed between the groups in serum disulfide levels and serum IL-6 levels. Considering the regression analysis, only the duration of substance use was a statistically significant factor in explaining serum IL-6 levels. The parameters showing inflammation in the CBC were significantly higher in the patients than in the CG. Conclusion: CBC can be used to evaluate systemic inflammation in patients with MUD. Parameters measuring thiol/disulfide homeostasis and ischemia-modified albumin can be, also, used to assess oxidative stress.
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    Risk of Relapse Assessment Scale for Metamphetamine Abusers: Reliability and Validity Study of the Turkish Version
    (Aves, 2023) Turan, Cetin; Budak, Ersin; Senormanci, Guliz; Evren, Cuneyt; Unal, Suheyla; Yalcinkaya, Elvan Acikgoz; Senormanci, Omer
    Background: This study aims to investigate the validity and reliability of the Turkish adaptation of the 16-item Risk of Relapse Assessment Scale (RRAS) for methamphetamine abusers. Methods: A total of 160 patients diagnosed with methamphetamine use disorder were included in this study to evaluate the validity and reliability of the scale. The comparison of the relationship between the Risk of Relapse Assessment Scale, the Substance Craving Scale, and the Relapse Prediction Scale was also carried out. The validity of the Risk of Relapse Assessment Scale was examined in the first step by exploratory factor analysis. The suitability of the data for exploratory factor analysis was evaluated by Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin test and Barlett's test. Cronbach's a coefficient and corrected itemtotal correlation value were used to test the reliability of the scale. The validity results of Risk of Relapse Assessment Scale were tested by confirmatory factor analysis. The significance level was set at P < .05 for all analyses. Results: Considering the examination of the internal consistency values of the Risk of Relapse Assessment Scale, Cronbach's a value was detected to be 0.90, and Cronbach's a value of the subscales ranged from 0.72 to 0.90. The study determined that the goodness of fit values for RRAS were x(2)/df = 2.13, P <.001, goodness of fit index = 0.88, comparative fit index = 0.92, normed fit index = 0.86, Trucker-Lewis index = 0.90, root mean square error of approximation = 0.08, and standardized root mean squared residual = 0.06. Conclusion: Our findings demonstrate that Risk of Relapse Assessment Scale is a valid and reliable measurement tool for assessing the risk of methamphetamine relapse in Turkish.