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    LONG RUN AND SHORT RUN IMPACTS OF COVID-19 ON FINANCIAL MARKETS
    (PressAcademia, 2020) Ozparlak, Gercek
    Purpose- The purpose of this research is to contribute to the academic field by demonstrating long run and short run impact of Covid-19 virus on stock markets and CDS markets. Methodology- In this paper, Johanse and Jeuselius (1990) Cointegration Test was used as the methodology to define the existence of thelong-run statistical relationship between Covid-19 data and economic variables of countries. Findings- In the analysis, it was defined that there are at least two cointegration vectors in all countries. However, considering two countries- Italy and the USA, there is not significant long run relationship statistically. On the other hand, it can be noted that there is significant short run causality from CA to some variables. Moreover, there is no significant short run causality in France, Italy and the USA. Conclusion- This article stated that there is the long term relationship between the total case of Covid-19 and China, France, Germany, the United Kingdom, Spain, Turkey. However, there is no long term relationship between the total cases of Covid-19 and France, Italy and the USA significantly. Furthermore, it can be said that there is significant short run causality from CA to some variables. However, there is no short run causality in France, Italy and the USA significantly. Finally, there is no long or short run causality in Italy and the USA.
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    The role of diversity on the environmental performance and transparency
    (Springer, 2023) Ozparlak, Gercek; Gurol, Burcu
    The 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) set forth by the United Nations (UN) serve the idea of a better world. Although the goals may seem separate from each other, they are all interrelated, and approaching one goal can also contribute to achieving other goals. SDG 5 Gender Equality and SDG 10 Reduced Inequalities focus on eliminating gender-related disadvantages and bringing the richness of diversity into all areas of life. Hence, different notions can be encouraged and implemented to solve today's environmental and social problems. Nonetheless, examining the literature, it is observed that there is no consensus on the impacts of diversity on the board regarding businesses' financial and non-financial performances. In this study, we analyze the relationship between diversity measures (board size and proportion of women on the board) and the business's environmental performance. Our dataset consists of 14 years of data from 166 businesses traded in the USA and European stock exchanges. Unlike previous studies, analyses are conducted with many tests concentrating on the short and long terms. The results indicate a positive relationship between the diversity variables (women on board ratio and board size) and the environmental performance of the businesses in the long run, if not in the short run. According to these results, it may take time to observe the positive effect, and environmental and social benefits will be achieved by continuing to work resolutely in line with the targets.