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Öğe The microbiological quality of stuffed mussels (Midye Dolma) sold in Istanbul(Emerald Group Publishing Limited, 2008) Bingol, Enver Baris; Colak, Hilal; Hampikyan, Hamparsun; Muratoglu, KarloPurpose - This study was performed to determine the microbial quality of stuffed mussels and to discuss the microbiological quality criteria of ready-to-eat (RTE) foods defined in the Turkish Food Codex (TFC). Design/methodology/approach - Stuffed mussel (Midye Dolma), which can be classified as RTE foods, made from mussel and rice, cooked separately then put together in the shell, is commonly consumed in Turkey. This special food might be an important source of microorganisms especially pathogen bacteria because of preparation and serving process. During the period of March-October 2006, a total of 168 stuffed mussel samples were collected randomly from restaurants, buffets and street sellers located in Istanbul and analysed some microbiological parameters. Findings - Coliforms were detected in 130 (77.38 per cent), Eschetichia coli in 37 (22.02 per cent), Staphylococcus aureus in 40 (23.80 per cent), Bacillus cereus in 65 (38.69 per cent), yeast and moulds in 147 (87.50 per cent) and sulphite-reducing anaerob bacteria in 61 (36.30 per cent) stuffed mussel samples, respectively. Total aerobic bacteria count (TAB) was between 1.0 X 10(2) and 3.2 X 10(7) CFU/g. No Salmonella spp. was detected in analysed samples. Originality/value - This is the first comprehensive study to provide information on the microbiological quality of stuffed mussels sold in Istanbul, Turkey. This information is important in the determination of measures that can be taken to control the safety of these cooked or prepared foods.Öğe The prevalence of Clostridium difficile in cattle and sheep carcasses and the antibiotic susceptibility of isolates(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2018) Hampikyan, Hamparsun; Bingol, Enver Baris; Muratoglu, Karlo; Akkaya, Esra; Cetin, Omer; Colak, HilalClostridium difficile is an anaerobic, spore forming, rod shaped bacterium frequently isolated from butchery animals in recent years. The aim of this study is to evaluate the presence of C. difficile (especially ribotype 027 and 078) in cattle and sheep carcasses and to investigate the antibiotic susceptibility of isolates. The bacterium was isolated in 83 out of 247 (33.6%) cattle and 78 out of 308 (25.3%) sheep carcass samples. 15/83 (18.1%) cattle and 6/78 (7.7%) sheep isolates were identified as ribotype 027, whereas the other hypervirulent isolate ribotype 078 could not be detected among the analysed samples. Almost all isolates were susceptible to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (98.8%), vancomycin (96.9%) and tetracycline (97.5%), whereas resistant to cefotaxim (97.5%) and imipenem (87.0%). In conclusion, the results demonstrate the presence of toxigenic C. difficile isolates in cattle and sheep carcasses on the slaughter line. As a result, the results of this study demonstrate the presence of toxigenic C. difficile isolates in cattle and sheep carcasses on the slaughter line.