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Öğe Extraction of levulinic acid using tri-n-butyl phosphate and tri-n-octylamine in 1-octanol: Column design(Elsevier, 2016) Datta, Dipaloy; Marti, Mustafa Esen; Uslu, Hasan; Kumar, SushilThe reactive extraction of levulinic acid using two different extractants [tri-n-butyl phosphate (TBP) and tri-n-octylamine (TOA)] dissolved in 1-octanol was investigated at 298 K. Using the equilibrium data, the distribution coefficient (K-D), extraction efficiency (%E) and loading ratios (Z) were calculated. TOA provided highest K-D values with 1-octanol. A maximum K-D was obtained as 9.571 using 0.689 mol/kg TOA while 90.54 % of the initial levulinic acid was extracted. Increasing the initial acid concentration resulted in a decrease in the extraction efficiency. Loading ratios were found to be less than 1 for TBP while both types, i.e. 1:1 and 2:1 acid-amine complexes were expected to form with TOA. The feasibility of the extraction process was assessed by calculating minimum solvent to feed ratio required for 90% recovery of levulinic acid, number of theoretical stages, height and diameter of the extraction column. (C) 2016 Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Öğe Reactive extraction of pimelic (heptanedioic) acid from dilute aqueous solutions using trioctylamine in decan-1-ol(Elsevier, 2016) Marti, Mustafa Esen; Zeidan, Hani; Uslu, HasanThe present study is on the reactive extraction of pimelic acid (heptanedioic acid) from dilute aqueous solutions by trioctylamine (TOA) in decan-1-ol. The equilibrium studies were performed at 298 K and the results were used to calculate the values of distribution coefficient (K-D), loading factor (Z) and degree of extraction (E%). The maximum K-D was obtained as 6234 when initial concentrations of pimelic acid and TOA were 0.038 and 0.2 mol(-1) kg(-1), respectively. The extraction efficiency was 98.27% under these conditions. Moreover, Z values between 0.184 and 2.934 were obtained in the ranges of parameters studied. The data presents the formation of 1:1 and 1:2 pimelic acid-TOA solvates in the organic phase. A solvatochromic model (LSER) was applied to the equilibrium data and the K-D values obtained using the model show a good fit to the experimental outcomes. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.