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    Gender Prediction Using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Measurements from Foramen Incisivum: Application of Machine Learning Algorithms and Artificial Neural Networks
    (Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications, 2024) Senol, Deniz; Secgin, Yusuf; Harmandaoglu, Oguzhan; Kaya, Seren; Duman, Suayip Burak; Oner, Zuelal
    Introduction: This study aims to predict gender using parameters obtained from images of the foramen (for.) incisivum through cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and employing machine learning (ML) algorithms and artificial neural networks (ANN).Materials and Methods: This study was conducted on 162 individuals in total. Precise measurements were meticulously extracted, extending from the foramen incisivum to the arcus alveolaris maxillaris, through employment of CBCT. The ML and ANN models were meticulously devised, allocating 20% for rigorous testing and 80% for comprehensive training.Results: All parameters that are evaluated, except for the angle between foramen palatinum majus and foramen incisivum-spina nasalis posterior (GPFIFPNS-A), exhibited a significant gender difference. ANN and among the ML algorithms, logistic regression (LR), linear discriminant analysis (LDA), and random rorest (RF) demonstrated the highest accuracy (Acc) rate of 0.82. The Acc rates for other algorithms ranged from 0.76 to 0.79. In the models with the highest Acc rates, 14 out of 17 male individuals and 13 out of 16 female individuals in the test set were correctly predicted.Conclusion: LR, LDA, RF, and ANN yielded high gender prediction rates for the measured parameters, while decision tree, extra tree classifier, Gaussian Naive Bayes, quadratic discriminant analysis, and K-nearest neighbors algorithm methods provided lower predictions. We believe that the evaluation of measurements extending from foramen incisivum to arcus alveolaris maxillaris through CBCT scanning proves to be a valuable method in gender prediction.
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    Plantar Fasciitis, a Common Cause of Heel Pain in Runners: Literature Review on Etiology, Evaluation and Treatment
    (İstanbul Aydın Üniversitesi, 2023) Karip, Burak; Köse, Özlem Öztürk; Kaya, Seren; Döner, Rabia Solak
    When the demographic and socioeconomic situation of our country is analyzed on the basis of a developing country, today's people spend most of their time outside. The feet are constantly burdened by walking and standing. The most important factor that relieves or worsens this situation is undoubtedly anatomical and physiological factors such as gait style, shoes, pes planus, pes cavus, limited dorsiflexion of the ankle, excessive eversion or excessive inversion. It is the aponeurosis plantaris, which covers a significant part of the load transmitted to the foot and is located in the part of the foot plantar surface closest to the dermis. This structure is located on the plantar surface of the foot, the most superficial of the 4 layers of musculature, and lies between the calcaneus and the phalanx. Although its primary task seems to be to protect the structures located deeper, since it is the closest structure to the skin surface, its proximity to many important neurovascular structures and muscles shows the importance of the topographic anatomy of the mentioned structure. The aim of our study is to examine the etiological factors, related pathologies, conservative and surgical treatment methods such as physiotherapy, various injections, extracorporeal shock wave therapy and orthoses of plantar fasciitis, which is the most important and most common pathology of this structure.