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Öğe Sociophysics of income distributions modeled by deformed fermi-dirac distributions(Taylor & Francis Inc, 2023) Dil, Emre; Dil, ElifIn order to model the income data, the physical distributions of Fermi-Dirac and Bose-Einstein families have already been proposed in the literature. In this study, we generalize Fermi-Dirac distribution by using a q,p-deformed version of Fermi-Dirac distribution which provides the advantage of working with flexible free q, p deformation parameters as the regression parameters for modeling the income data. We analyze the accuracy of the generalized version, q,p-deformed Fermi-Dirac distribution, on describing the data of income share held by quintiles for countries, and household income for the states of U.S.A. in 2018. We also use chi(2) minimization routine for modeling the data which leads to the best fit parameters for the deformation parameters q and p. Subsequently, we plot the fitted q, p-deformed Fermi-Dirac distribution as income distribution with the obtained deformation parameters, then find the statistical confidence values r(2) from the fitted curve. We figure out that our model properly describes the income data for the systems experiencing a high level of income inequality, and also r(2) values are correlated with the Gini index for those of considered systems.Öğe Testing adiabatic expansion of polytropic universe model with SNe Ia data(Iop Publishing Ltd, 2020) Dil, Emre; Oztas, Ahmet Mecit; Dil, ElifIn order to obtain a better fit for the observational data, various cosmological models have been developed in the literature. For this purpose, we propose an adiabatic expansion of the Universe with a polytropic fluid matter-radiation content and a varying cosmological constant. Basic motivation of this study basically differs from the previous models because our model does not neglect the pressure of the matter content of the Universe. We present the details of our new derivations by obtaining the polytropic matter density and luminosity distances. After constructing the model, two large collections of observational data of supernovae type Ia (SNe Ia) are conducted to diagnose the model. Examining the fitness of our new models of a polytropic universe with the observational data, we find a significant influence of polytropic matter on the cosmological parameters of the expanding universe. We find that our flat constant ? model and varying ? model describes the SNe Ia data significantly better than the other models including the standard model for Gold Data and Union2.1 Data, respectively.Öğe The varying cosmological constant models tested with Supernovae Type Ia and HII Galaxy Data(Elsevier, 2019) Dil, Emre; Oztas, Ahmet Mecit; Dil, ElifWe have recently proposed a varying cosmological constant model for which we now test our proposal with the use of two large collections of observational Gold data of supernovae Type Ia (SNe Ia) and HII Galaxies (HIIGx) data as standard candles for constructing the Hubble diagram at redshifts beyond the current reach of Type Ia supernovae. For this aim, we obtain the luminosity distances from the proposed varying. models which have been briefly summarized. Using these luminosity distance values, we present the modulus values from which we test the accuracy of the models by probing the Gold data and HII Data confirming that the relation between the emission-line luminosity and ionized-gas velocity dispersion is a reliable modulus indicator. From the chi(2) minimization and the maximization of the likelihood function, we optimize the cosmological parameters in each cosmological model. While the best model is obtained as the Lambda CDM for Gold data, our model with a Lambda depending on the matter density rho is obtained as the best model for HII data. Moreover, the statistical tools, such as the Akaike (AIC), and Bayes (BIC) Information Criteria favor the standard Lambda CDM model over our Lambda proportional to rho model with a relative BIC of 372/383 for Gold data, but same criteria favor our Lambda proportional to rho model over Lambda CDM with 1055/1120 for HII Galaxy data. We also test the accuracy of our models by comparison of the theoretical and observational modulus values for both data, and illustrate the Hubble diagrams for all varying Lambda models showing a worse fit with respect to Lambda CDM model for Gold Data, and a best fit with Lambda proportional to rho model for HII Data, through given statistical confidence tables. (C) 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.