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Öğe An artificial neural network-based model for short-term predictions of daily mean pmio concentrations(2010) Demir G.; Ozdemir H.; Ozcan H.K.; Ucanc O.N.; Bayat C.Prediction of particulate matter (PM) in the air is an important issue in control and reduction of pollutants in the air. One of the most useful methods to forecast atmospheric pollution is artificial neural network (ANN) because of its high ability to forecast the atmospheric events. In this study ANN technique has been used to predict the PMIO concentration in Istanbul. Meteorological data and PMIO data, which had been collected from Sariyer-Bahcekoy for the one year data, were used. The data were separated into two groups for training and testing the model. The odd days were used for training and the remaining was used for the testing. The transfer function was sigmoid function. In the model, different hidden neuron numbers were altered for proposed ANN structure. We have altered number of neurons for hidden layer between 2 to 10. The prediction of PMIO of the model during the years 2004-2005 follows the actual values with success, with the best calculated correlation coefficient 0.60.Öğe A general comparati?ve evaluati?on of the exi?sti?ng legal procedures concerni?ng the soli?d and hazardous waste management i?n the European uni?on and i?n Turkey(2007) Demir G.; Celik T.; Bayat C.Technological developments in 20. and 21. centuries have highered up standards of living and created welfare and more comfortable living conditions for mankind. However, together with the increasing world population, environmental problems have also increased and diversified based on various reasons. Therefore, with the aim of solving the existing air, water and earth pollution problems and taking them under control, laws and regulations have been put into force and announced both internationally and domestically. These laws and regulations have been renovated and new arrangements have still been made. In this study, we have made a general comparative evaluation of the existing legal procedures concerning the solid and hazardous waste management of the European Union and Turkey who maintains negotiations on integration into the union.Öğe Heavy metal concentrations of atmospheric ambient deposition dust in istanbul-bosphorus bridge tollhouses(2007) Ozcan J.H.K.; Demir G.; Nemlioglu S.; Sezgin N.; Bayat C.Air Pollution emissions due to motor vehicle-related traffic on motorways are sent into the atmosphere. Along with many pollutants from motor vehicles because of fossile fuel usage, heavy metals are also emitted as particles with exhausted gas. Heavy metals are one of the important parameters among environmental pollution sources. Heavy metals from motor vehicles may be found as PM in motorway atmosphere and be involved In street dust by depositing on roads as atmospheric precipitates. Bridge tollhouses are one of the most closely encountered environments of human beings with this kind of dust. In this study, time-related changes of atmospheric precipitate depositing per unit area were determined on breathing height of tollhouse workers, as well as concentrations of lead (Pb), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd), and nickel (Ni) were measured. The study area was Istanbul Bosphorus Bridge, which Is one of the busiest points of the world (referred to as the junction point of Asia and Europe) after it was merged to international D-100 motorway. According to the results obtained from the samples collected in ten different times during thirteen months, average lead concentration was found to be 1454.65 mg/kg dry soil, where the concentrations of copper, zinc, cadmium, and nickel were 399.12, 2034.78, 24.37, and 140.92 mg/kg dry soil, respectively. © 2007 DEStech Publications, Inc.Öğe The use of glass as a packaging material, recycling and a general outlook of the procedures in Turkey(2008) Albayrak S.; Demir G.; Celik T.; Bayat C.The world population has been increasing rather fast along with an inevitable rise in the process of industrialization. Today, the world population has reached 7.2 billion and it has been struggling for better standards of life. However, the ecological equilibrium has been tilted off as a result of depletion of natural resources and of the damage to the nature in order to obtain such packaging materials used for the needs of 7.2 billion people, mainly in terms of food and catering sectors as well as textile, furniture and the like. In today's world, people tend to consume foods and beverages known as "fast food" so as to save their time in a world of competition which renders volumes of packaging wastes naturally. In this context, packaging items made of glass are worth considering and relatively more advantageous than others, since they are recyclable and hygienic. Hence, in this work there have been some evaluations and analysis made for glass as a packaging material in Turkey.
