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Öğe Adsorptive removal of malachite green and Rhodamine B dyes on Fe3O4/activated carbon composite(Taylor & Francis Inc, 2017) Datta, Dipaloy; Kuyumcu, OEzge Kerkez; Bayazit, Sahika Sena; Salam, Mohamed AbdelThis study demonstrates the adsorption experiments of toxic dyes malachite green (MG) and Rhodamine B (RB) on Fe3O4-loaded activated carbon (AC). AC, which is known to be a high-capacity adsorbent, was aimed to be easily separated from aqueous media by loading it with Fe3O4. Fe3O4-loaded AC was prepared by the coprecipitation method and named magnetic activated carbon (M-AC), and the produced M-AC was characterized by x-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and pH(pzc) analyses. MG and RB adsorption by the M-AC was performed separately by batch technique and the effects of adsorbent amount, solution pH, and initial dye concentration on the adsorption were explored. Maximum removal efficiencies were found to be 96.11% for MG and 98.54% for RB, and the Langmuir isotherm model was the most fitted isotherm model for the adsorption. The kinetic and thermodynamic studies showed that the adsorption proceeded via the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and endothermic in-nature for both dyes.Öğe Adsorptive Separation of Cu2+ from an Aqueous Solution Using Trioctylamine Supported Montmorillonite(Amer Chemical Soc, 2015) Datta, Dipaloy; Uslu, Hasan; Kumar, SushilMontmorillonite (Mt) was used to remove copper (Cu2+) ion from wastewater stream generated from industrial effluents. This clay was modified (Mt-TOA) by using an amine-based solvent, trioctylamine (TOA). Equilibrium and kinetic experiments were carried out to determine the effect of adsorbent amount (w, 0.05 g to 0.3 g for Mt, 0.001 to 0.006 g for MtTOA), initial Cu2+ ion concentration (C-0, 8 mg.L-1 to 16 mg.L-1), pH (2 to 10), and contact time (t, 10 to 90 min) on the capacity of both adsorbents. With an increase in the adsorbent amount, the uptake capacity of Mt and Mt-TOA for Cu2+ ion was found to decrease but with an enhancement in the removal efficiency. The optimum amount of Mt and Mt-TOA was found to be 0.1 and 0.001 g, respectively. A better adsorption of Cu2+ ion was observed at low pH value of aqueous solution, and was found to decrease with an increase in the value of pH. In the kinetic experiments, the amount removal of Cu2+ ion reached to a constant value of 75.62 % with Mt (0.1 g) and 80.12 % with Mt-TOA (0.001 g) after 70 min. Equilibrium and kinetic data were analyzed by using eight different isotherm (Langmuir, Freundlich, Elovich, Temkin, Dubinin-Radushkevich, Redlich-Peterson, Toth, and Sips) and two different kinetic (pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order) models, respectively.Öğe Experimental and Theoretical Investigations on the Reactive Extraction of Itaconic (2-Methylidenebutanedioic) Acid Using Trioctylamine (N,N-Dioctyloctan-1-amine)(Amer Chemical Soc, 2015) Uslu, Hasan; Datta, DipaloyThe paper presents the equilibrium distribution study of itaconic acid (also known as 2-methylidenebutanedioic acid, 0.615 mol.kg(-1)) between water and trioctylamine (TOA, 0.374 mol.kg(-1) to 1.946 mol.kg(-1)) at 298 +/- 0.1 K. The extract phase is prepared by varying the concentration of TOA and dissolving the same in four categories of solvents (alkane, ester, ketone and alcohol). The batch equilibrium results are presented in the form of loading ratio (Z), extraction efficiency (% E), and distribution coefficient (K-D). Maximum extraction efficiency of 94.80% with the value of K-D equal to 18.20 is obtained at 1.946 mol.kg(-1) of TOA in octan-1-ol. The extractability of TOA with different solvents is found to be in the order of alcohol > ketone > ester > alkane. The values of stoichiometric coefficient (1:m), overall equilibrium constant (K-E) and individual equilibrium constants (K-11, K-21, and K-12) are estimated using equilibrium data and employing mass action law. The acid molecules form 1:1 and 2:1 type of complexes (m < 1) with TOA dissolved in alkanes, and 1:1 and 1:2 solvates (m > 1) with TOA dissolved in alcohols, ketones, and esters. The estimated values of K-E followed the same trend as the distribution coefficient (alcohol > ketone > ester > alkane).Öğe Extraction Equilibria of Gibberellic Acid by Tridodecylamine Dissolved in Alcohols(Amer Chemical Soc, 2014) Uslu, Hasan; Datta, Dipaloy; Bamufleh, Hisham SaeedGibberellic acid (1.877.10(-3) mol.kg(-1)) extraction from aqueous solution using tridodecylamine (TDA, 0.1 mol.kg(-1) to 0.8 mol.kg(-1)) as extractant dissolved in three solvents (isoamyl alcohol, octane-1-ol, and decane-1-ol) at 298 K has been studied. Extraction parameters such as loading factor Z, extraction efficiency E, and distribution coefficient D, have been found using experimental data. The highest removal of gibberellic acid is found to be 96.37 % (D = 26.602, TDA = 0.5 mol.kg(-1)) with isoamylalcohol, 87.74 % (D = 7.160, TDA = 0.4 mol.kg1) with octane(-1)-ol, and 71.87 % (D = 2.554, TDA = 0.4 mol.kg1) with decane(-1)-ol. As per the experimental values of Z (1.19 to 6.52 with isoamyl alcohol, 0.85 to 5.26 with octane(-1)-ol, and 0.71 to 4.18 with decane(-1)-ol) and Bizek approach, the equilibrium complexation constants for 1:1 and 1:2 acidTDA complexes have been determined. The linear solvation energy relationship (LSER) model is used to represent the extraction equilibrium of acid by TDA. D values are predicted using the LSER model parameters which fit the experimental results.Öğe Extraction of levulinic acid using tri-n-butyl phosphate and tri-n-octylamine in 1-octanol: Column design(Elsevier, 2016) Datta, Dipaloy; Marti, Mustafa Esen; Uslu, Hasan; Kumar, SushilThe reactive extraction of levulinic acid using two different extractants [tri-n-butyl phosphate (TBP) and tri-n-octylamine (TOA)] dissolved in 1-octanol was investigated at 298 K. Using the equilibrium data, the distribution coefficient (K-D), extraction efficiency (%E) and loading ratios (Z) were calculated. TOA provided highest K-D values with 1-octanol. A maximum K-D was obtained as 9.571 using 0.689 mol/kg TOA while 90.54 % of the initial levulinic acid was extracted. Increasing the initial acid concentration resulted in a decrease in the extraction efficiency. Loading ratios were found to be less than 1 for TBP while both types, i.e. 1:1 and 2:1 acid-amine complexes were expected to form with TOA. The feasibility of the extraction process was assessed by calculating minimum solvent to feed ratio required for 90% recovery of levulinic acid, number of theoretical stages, height and diameter of the extraction column. (C) 2016 Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Öğe Extraction of Picric Acid from Wastewater by a Secondary Amine (Amberlite LA2) in Octan-1-ol: Equilibrium, Kinetics, Thermodynamics, and Molecular Dynamics Simulation(Amer Chemical Soc, 2016) Uslu, Hasan; Datta, Dipaloy; Bamufleh, Hisham S.The paper deals with the equilibrium and kinetic studies on the reactive extraction of picric acid (HPc: 0.021-0.061 kmol.m(-3)) using Amberlite LA2 (ALA2; 0.235-1.175 kmol.m(-3)), a secondary amine, dissolved in an active diluent, octan-1-ol. On the basis of the values of the loading factor (Z < 0.5), the interaction between the molecules of HPc and ALA2 takes place by forming 1:1 solvates in the organic solvent phase and was confirmed, from Fourier transfoem infrared analysis. The effect of the temperature (298.2, 308.2, and 318.2 K) on the performance of extraction is evaluated, and the thermodynamic parameters (entropy and enthalpy) are determined. The mass-transfer coefficient (k(L) = 7.12 x 10(-4) m. s(-1)) of picric acid in octan-1-ol is estimated experimentally to establish the kinetics of the reaction. The Hatta number is found to be in the range of 0.009-0.011, suggesting a very slow extraction reaction occurring in the bulk of the solvent phase. The reaction order is 1.2 with respect to HPc and 0.7 order with respect to ALA2 with rate constants of forward and backward reactions of 18.3 x 10(-6) and 4.94 x 10(-6) (kmol.m(-3))(-1.9).s(-1), respectively. The molecular dynamics behavior of the HPc + ALA2 + octan-1-ol system in the organic solvent phase is predicted from the simulated results.Öğe Intensification of Citric Acid Extraction by a Mixture of Trioctylamine and Tridodecylamine in Different Diluents(Amer Chemical Soc, 2015) Datta, Dipaloy; Asci, Yavuz Selim; Tuyun, Amac FatihExtraction of citric acid (0.595 mol.kg(-1)) from aqueous solutions has been investigated by using binary extractant system comprising of trioctylamine (TOA) + tridodecylamine (TDA) at six different concentrations (0.19 mol.kg(-1) to 1.16 mol.kg(-1)). The extractant system is diluted using five different solvents such as dimethyl phthalate (DMP), methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK), 2-octanone, 1-decanol, and cyclohexylacetate (CHA). The batch extraction results of citric acid for the design of a separator have been obtained. The data are interpreted in terms of distribution coefficient (D), loading factors (Z), and extraction efficiency (%E). The values of D for the citric acid extraction are found to vary from 0.40 to 118 for DMP, MIBK, and 2-octanone. For 1-decanol and CHA diluent, the values are observed in the range of 0.38 to 98.16 and 0.39 to 86.76, respectively. Considerable amount of citric acid is recovered (almost 99 %) by all the aminediluent systems at 1.16 mol.kg(-1) initial concentration of (TOA + TDA) mixture.Öğe Intensification of picolinic acid extraction with tri-n-butylphosphate and tri-n-octylamine in three different diluents(Elsevier, 2015) Datta, Dipaloy; Uslu, Hasan; Kumar, SushilIn this paper, the equilibrium study on reactive extraction of picolinic acid from aqueous solution is studied by individual and mixed extractant of tri-n-butyl phosphate (TBP) and tri-n-octylamine (TOA) in three different diluents at a constant temperature, 298 K. A better synergism is observed (80% extraction efficiency) with a TBP:TOA ratio of 1:1 for all acid concentration with IAA. Mathematical modeling is also carried out to find insight of mechanism exist between acid and extractant molecules. The results of present study will be useful to intensify the recovery of picolinic acid from fermentation broth (bio-separation) and other aqueous solutions. (c) 2015 The Institution of Chemical Engineers. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Öğe Investigation of Extraction of 4-Oxopentanoic Acid by N,N-Dioctyloctan-1-amine in Six Different Diluents: Equilibrium Study(Amer Chemical Soc, 2015) Kumar, Sushil; Uslu, Hasan; Datta, Dipaloy; Rarotra, Saptak; Rajput, KusumaThe present equilibrium study deals with the reactive extraction of 4-oxopentanoic acid [levulinic acid] from an aqueous solution by N,N-dioctyloctan-1-amine [tri-n-octylamine (TOA)] at a constant concentration of 0.573 kmol.m(-3) in a wide range of diluents such as [n-decane, decane-1-ol, n-decane + decane-1-ol (1:1 v/v), toluene, 4-methylpentan-2-one (MIBK), and dichloromethane (DCM)] at isothermal conditions ((298 +/- 1) K). The physical extraction of levulinic acid with pure diluents is also carried out. The effect of acid concentration (0.10 mol.kg(-1) to 0.75 mol.kg(-1)) and type of diluent on the recovery of levulinic acid from aqueous solution are determined. Mathematical modeling based on mass action law is used to estimate overall equilibrium constants (K-E), stoichiometry of reaction, and individual equilibrium constants (K-11 and K-21) for 1:1 and 2:1 complexes between acid and TOA. Further, the experimentally determined distribution coefficients (K-D) are correlated predicted ones by the linear solvation energy relationship (LSER) model based on solute-solvent interaction parameters. The extraction power of TOA increases in the order of DCM >= decan-1-ol > MIBK > n-decane + decan-1-ol (1:1 v/v) > toluene > n-decane with the highest extraction efficiency, 98.7 %.Öğe Investigation of Extraction of Phenol from Wastewater Using N,N-Didodecyl-1-dodecanamine (Tridodecylamine) in Benzene(Amer Chemical Soc, 2014) Datta, Dipaloy; Uslu, HasanTridodecylamine (TDDA) is used as an extractant in benzene for the separation of phenol from the aqueous streams generated from industrial effluents. The effects of aqueous solution pH (at five different pH values, 3 to 11) and concentration of TDDA (at three different compositions, 100 w = 5 to 100 w = 20) in the organic phase are investigated on the distribution coefficient (D). Results show that the neutral phenol molecule is effectively extracted by TDDA into the organic phase by H-bonding. A maximum value of D (5.027, 83.41 %E) is observed at equilibrium pH of 5 and at highest concentration of TDDA (100 w = 20). A mathematical expression for equilibrium D is proposed based on the mass action law, and the apparent equilibrium constants (K) and the stoichiometric coefficient (n) are estimated from the regression of the experimental data. The K and n are found to be 10.17 and 0.60, respectively, at pH of 5. The D values are also predicted and show a good agreement with R-2 > 0.99 and SD < 0.0141.Öğe Investigations on the Reactive Extraction of Glyoxylic Acid by Amberlite-LA2 Dissolved in Alcoholic Diluents(Taylor & Francis Inc, 2015) Uslu, Hasan; Datta, Dipaloy; Kumar, SushilIn this study, reactive extraction of glyoxylic acid (0.93 kmol.m(-3)) using Amberlite-LA2 (0.24 to 1.67 kmol.m(-3)) in five different alcoholic diluents is performed at 298 K. The extraction ability of Amberlite-LA2 is found to be in the order of isoamylalcohol (IAA) > nonan-1-ol > octan-1-ol > decan-1-ol > dodecanol. Maximum extraction efficiency, 98.92% is obtained at 1.67 kmol.m(-3) of Amberlite-LA2 in IAA. The values of stoichiometric coefficient (m), overall equilibrium constant (K-E) and individual constants (K-11, K-21, and K-12) are estimated. The effect of diluent on K-D is also quantified by applying LSER model using solvatochromic parameters of diluents.Öğe Reactive Extraction of Oxoethanoic Acid (Glyoxylic Acid) Using Amberlite-LA2 in Different Diluents(Amer Chemical Soc, 2014) Uslu, Hasan; Datta, Dipaloy; Kumar, SushilAn equilibrium distribution study of oxoethanoic acid (also known as glyoxylic acid, 0.93 kmol.m(-3)) between water and Amberlite-LA2 (0.24 to 1.67 kmol.m(-3)) is carried out at constant temperature, 298 +/- 0.5 K. The extract phase is prepared using Amberlite-LA2 as extractant, and hexane, kerosene, methylbenzene (toluene), butane-2-one (methyl ethyl ketone, MEK), 2,6 dimethyl-4-heptanone (diisobutylketone, DIBK), hexane-2-one, and decane-1-ol as diluents. The equilibrium data are presented by calculating parameters like loading factor, Z, extraction efficiency, %E, and distribution coefficients, K-D. The highest value of K-D is found to be 92 at higher concentration (1.67 kmol.m(-3)) of Amberlite-LA2 in hexane-2-one. The extraction ability of Amberlite-LA2 in different diluents in terms of K-D and % E is found to be in the order of hexane-2-one > methylbenzene > hexane > kerosene > DIBK > MEK > decane-1-ol. The values of stoichiometric coefficient (m) and equilibrium complexation constants (K-E, K-11, K-21 and K-12) are determined from the mass action law and using experimental data. From the values of m, it proposed that the interaction between acid and amine molecule is mostly by 1:1 type but the values of m less than 1 indicate possible formation of 1:2 type complex and diluents also extract some acid molecule by physical extraction. The values of m greater than 1 point out the formation of little amount of 2:1 type complex in the organic phase.Öğe Reactive extraction of phenol from aqueous solution using tri-octylamine dissolved in alkanes and alcohols(Elsevier, 2015) Uslu, Hasan; Datta, Dipaloy; Bamufleh, Hisham S.Extraction of phenol (0.053 mol. kg(-1)) from wastewater is performed with trioctylamine (TOA: 0.023-0.091 mol. kg-1) dissolved in four solvents (decane, octane, decan-1-ol, and octan-1-ol) at a constant temperature of 298 K. The effect of TOA concentration and type of diluent on the removal efficiency of phenol have been derived. Results show that the neutral phenol molecule is effectively extracted by TOA into the organic phase at higher concentration of TOA than lower one. The equilibrium extraction results are presented in terms of distribution coefficient (D), degree of extraction (%E) and loading ratio (Z). Maximum value of D (= 12.25) with %E = 92.45% is observed at the highest concentration of TOA (0.091 mol kg-1) with octan-1-ol. A mathematical expression for the determination of D at equilibrium is presented by applying the mass action law. This model equation is used to graphically determine the equilibrium constant (K-E) and the stoichiometric coefficient (eta) of extraction. Also, the individual equilibrium constants (K11,K21 and K-12) for the phenol TOA complexes formed are estimated from the regression of the experimental results. The highest value of complexation constant (K-E = 23) is found with TOA in octan-1-ol. Phenol molecules are extracted by TOA + decane or octane with simultaneous formation of 1:1 and 2:1 solvates, and by TOA + decan-1-ol or octan-l-ol by making 1:1 and 1:2 complexes in the organic phase. The extraction power of TOA in terms of D decreases in the order of octan-1-ol >decan-1-ol >octane >decane. 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Öğe Reactive Extraction of Phenol from Aqueous Solution Using Trioctylmethylammoniumchloride and Trioctylamine in Nonane and Isoamyl alcohol(Springer International Publishing Ag, 2016) Uslu, Hasan; Datta, Dipaloy; Bamufleh, Hisham S.Reactive extraction of phenol (0.053 mol kg(-1)) from aqueous solution is carried out using two aminic extractants, trioctylmethylammoniumchloride (TOMAC) and trioctylamine (TOA) considering four concentrations (0.023 to 0.091 mol kg(-1)) and dissolving them in solvents like nonane and isoamyl alcohol (IAA) at 298 K. The effects of extract type (TOMAC and TOA), their concentrations, and type of diluent on the separation efficiency of extraction have been determined. Data show that the neutral phenol molecule is more effectively extracted by TOA than TOMAC into the organic phase. Increase in the extractant concentration from 0.023 to 0.091 mol kg(-1) obviously enhances the recovery of phenol (2.3 times with nonane + TOMAC or TOA; 2.97 times with IAA + TOMAC; and 4.83 times with IAA + TOA). The equilibrium extraction results are presented in terms of distribution coefficient (D), degree of extraction (%E), and loading ratio (Z). Maximum value of D (=12.25) is obtained with TOA + IAA (0.091 mol kg(-1)) which could extract 92.45 % of phenol from the water phase. A suitable mathematical model for the determination of equilibrium D is expressed by employing the mass action law. The equilibrium constant (K-E) and the stoichiometric coefficient (n) of extraction are determined graphically. Also, the individual equilibrium constants (K-11, K-21, and K-12) for the phenol-extractant complexes formed are estimated from the regression of the experimental values. The better extraction power of the TOA + IAA extract system is also shown from the estimated value of complexation constant (K-E=164.44). Phenol molecules form 1:1 and 2:1 and 1:1 and 1:2 solvates with nonane and IAA, respectively, with both the extractants.Öğe Separation of 2,4,6-trinitrophenol from aqueous solution by liquid-liquid extraction method: Equilibrium, kinetics, thermodynamics and molecular dynamic simulation(Elsevier Science Sa, 2016) Uslu, Hasan; Datta, Dipaloy; Santos, Dheiver; Bamufleh, Hisham S.; Bayat, CumaIn this paper, the equilibrium and kinetic studies on the extraction of 2,4,6-trinitrophenol (picric acid) (0.021-0.061 kmol m(-3)) using Amberlite LA2, a secondary amine (ALA2: 0.118-0.588 kmol m(-3)) dissolved in a polar active solvent, methyl-iso-butyl ketone (MIBK) are performed. Also, the temperature effect (293.2 +/- 1 K, 303.2 +/- 1 K and 313.2 +/- 1 K) on the extraction mechanism and efficiency is evaluated. Thermodynamic parameters like the change in entropy and enthalpy are determined. From the values of loading ratio (Z < 0.5), it is inferred that the amine molecule form 1:1 complex with the acid molecule in the organic phase. The mass transfer coefficient (k(L), = 3.1 x 10(-5) m s(-1)) of picric acid in MIBK is determined. The Hatta number is calculated, and observed to vary in the range of 0.0032-0.0054, indicating that there is a very slow chemical reaction taking place between the acid and the amine molecule in the bulk of the organic phase. The reaction order is estimated to be 0.9 w.r.t picric acid, and 0.6 w.r.t ALA2 with rate constants of 14.95 x 10(-6) (kmol m(-3))(-0.5) s(-1), and 8.94 x 10(-7) (kmol m(-3))(-0.5) s(-1), for forward and backward reaction, respectively. Kinetic and potential energies of components during reactive extraction have been determined by molecular dynamic modeling. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Öğe Separation of chromium (VI) from its liquid solution using new montmorillonite supported with amine based solvent(Elsevier Science Bv, 2016) Uslu, Hasan; Datta, Dipaloy; Azizian, SaeidThe present work deals with the study of Cr (VI) adsorption onto montmorillonite (MM) and modified montmorillonite (MMT). The modification is done by using an amine based solvent, trioctylamine (TOA). Equilibrium and kinetic experiments are carried out to determine the effect of adsorbent dose (w, 0.05 g to 0.3 g for MM, 0.01 g to 0.06 g for MMT), initial Cr (VI) concentration (C-0, 25 mg L-1 to 125 mg L-1), pH (I to 9), and contact time (t, 10 min to 100 min) on the capacity of both the adsorbents. With an increase in the adsorbent dosage, the uptake capacity of MM and MMT for Cr (VI) is found to decrease but with an enhancement in the recovery efficiency. The optimum dosage of MM and MMT is proposed to be 02 g and 0.02 g, respectively. A better adsorption of Cr (VI) is observed at low pH values of aqueous solution, and is decreased with an increase in the value of pH. In the kinetic experiments, the percentage removal of Cr (VI) reaches to a constant value of 70.68% with MM (0.2 g) and 33.92% with MMT (0.02 g) after 80 min. Equilibrium data are analysed by using Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. Kinetic models such as pseudo-first order (PFO) and pseudo-second order (PSO) are used to predict the kinetics of the adsorption process by MM and MMT for the Cr (VI) removal. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Öğe Status of the Reactive Extraction as a Method of Separation(Hindawi Publishing Corporation, 2015) Uslu, Hasan; Kumar, Sushil; Datta, DipaloyThe prospective function of a novel energy efficient fermentation technology has been getting great attention in the past fifty years due to the quick raise in petroleum costs. Fermentation chemicals are still limited in the modern market in huge part because of trouble in recovery of carboxylic acids. Therefore, it is needed considerable development in the current recovery technology. Carboxylic acids have been used as the majority of fermentation chemicals. This paper presents a state-of-the-art review on the reactive extraction of carboxylic acids from fermentation broths. This paper principally focuses on reactive extraction that is found to be a capable option to the proper recovery methods.
