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    Mechanochemical Activation of Silicone for Large-Scale Fabrication of Anti-Biofouling Liquid-like Surfaces
    (Amer Chemical Soc, 2023) Celik, Nusret; Sahin, Furkan; Ruzi, Mahmut; Ceylan, Ahmet; Butt, Hans-Jurgen; Onses, Mustafa Serdar
    Large-scale preparation of liquid-like coatings with perfect transparency via solventless and room-temperature processes using low-cost and biocompatible materials is of tremendous interest for a broad range of applications. Here, we present a mechanochemical activation strategy for solventless grafting of poly-(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) onto glass, silicon wafers, and ceramics. Activation is achieved via ball milling PDMS without using any solvents or additives prior to application. Ball milling results in chain scission and generation of free radicals, allowing room-temperature grafting at durations <= 1 h. The deposition of ball-milled PDMS can be facilitated by brushing or drop-casting, enabling large-scale applications. The resulting surfaces facilitate the sliding of droplets at angles <20(degrees) for liquids with surface tension ranging from 22 to 73 mN/m. An important application for public health is generating anti-biofouling coatings on sanitary ware. For example, PDMS-grafted surfaces prepared on a regular-size toilet bowl exhibit a 105-fold decrease in the attachment of bacteria from urine. These findings highlight the significant potential of mechanochemical processes for the practical preparation of liquid-like surfaces.
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    Mechanochemical Coupling of Alkylsilanes to Nanoparticles for Solvent-Free and Rapid Fabrication of Superhydrophobic Materials
    (Amer Chemical Soc, 2023) Celik, Nusret; Sezen, Berk; Sahin, Furkan; Ceylan, Ahmet; Ruzi, Mahmut; Onses, Mustafa Serdar
    Excellent repellencytoward water is one of the main characteristicsof superhydrophobic coatings that endow application potential in variousareas. However, the complex and time-consuming process involved inpreparing universally applicable superhydrophobic coatings, especiallythe step that involves modifying intrinsically hydrophilic inorganicoxide nanoparticles with hydrophobic alkylsilanes, limits their practicalapplications. This study demonstrates a rapid and eco-friendly approachto preparing superhydrophobic surfaces by chemically grafting alkylsilanemolecules onto silica nanoparticles using a mechanochemical process.The key advantages of this approach are (i) rapid process with preparationtimes that are orders of magnitude shorter than those of conventionalmethods, (ii) zero-solvent usage, and (iii) overcoming the need fortedious separation and drying steps. The resultant surface exhibitssuperhydrophobicity with a water contact angle of 172 & DEG; and asliding angle of 1 & DEG;. A monolith prepared by compressing the powderexhibits superhydrophobicity, durability, and antifouling abilityagainst urine. The superhydrophobic surface inhibits the growth oftwo of the most common pathogenic bacteria. The bacterial growth wasreduced by 10(7.07) for Escherichia coli and 10(5.78) for Staphylococcus aureus. The proposed approach is practical, swift, and cost-effective,making it a scalable and eco-friendly technique for the solvent-freepreparation of superhydrophobic surfaces.