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Öğe Corruption and Economic Freedom in Central Asian Republics (2001-2008)(David Publishing Company, 2011) Sozen, Ilyas; Sari, Selahattin; Celik, Ahmet AlkanThe aim of this study is to examine the progress of economic freedom and corruption during the period between two global economic crises in those Central Asian Republics which have been integrated into the free market economy according to “the Washington Consensus” since the late 1990s. With respect to the exportation of natural resources, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan together with Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan and Tajikistan all seem to have entirely different economic structures. In this paper, the majority of macro-economic variables, economic freedom indicators and corruption data covering the period of 2001-2008 will be discussed. In the light of the outcomes of this study, it is observed that while the social structure in those countries exporting natural resources is stronger, bureaucratic corruption increases consistently in all of the countries due to the authoritarian structures (of the countries concerned). As Central Asian Republics are in a state of failed transition into market economy, the betterment in legislation does not debug the so-called “limbo” system, which refers to neither a planned economy nor a free market one.Öğe Human Development Index in Central Asian Countries(Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2012) Ongel, Volkan; Sozen, Ilyas; Celik, Ahmet Alkan[Abstract Not Available]Öğe Orta Asya Cumhuriyetlerinde Yolsuzluk ve İktisadi Özgürlük (2001–2008)(Beykent Üniversitesi, 2010) Sozen, Ilyas; Celik, Ahmet Alkan; Sari, SelahattinThe aim of this study is to examine, in the period between two global economic crises, the progress of economic freedom along with corruptions in Central Asian Republics, integrated into the free market economy according to “the Washington Consensus” since late 1990s. According to exportation of natural sources, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan together with Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan and Tajikistan all seemed to have entirely different economic structures. Basic macro economic variables, economic liberty indicators and corruption data covering the period of 2001-2008 are to be discussed. In the light of the outcomes of this study, it is observed that, while the social structure in the countries exporting natural sources is stronger, due to the authoritarian structures of the countries in both groups of countries, bureaucratic corruption increases consistently. As Central Asian Republics are in a state of unsuccessful transition into the market economy, the betterment in legislation does not debug the system called “limbo” (neither planned economy nor free market).Öğe Orta Asya Ülkelerinin İnsani Gelişmişlik Endeksleri Açısından Değerlendirilmesi(Manas University Press, 2011) Ongel, Volkan; Sozen, Ilyas; Celik, Ahmet AlkanEconomic development and growth had been the most important target among all goverments throughout the history. In this respect, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan in Middle Asian Region had chosen development as primary target in 20 years time after their independence. Human capital is the leading factor to maintain economic development and growth. Development and growth terms over which different meanings and concepts were imposed in time, necessitated several political economic alterations. Before 1970’s, increase in income had been sufficient criterion for the development of a government. But nowadays economic development incorporates factors such as life expectancy at birth, school enrolment ratio, literancy rate, gender discrimination, poverty alleviation, equal distribution of income beyond economic growth. Herewith this change political preference and priorities has started to differentiate. The aim of this study is to discuss human development index (HDI) data of 5 Middle Asian countries in 2010 and changes in HDI in years after their independence. Comparisan between Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and HDI rates are also performed within this analysis. This study consists of data of 5 Middle Asian countries between years 1990-2010. Basic, retrospective, illustrative library method is used as the study method. In conclusion, we find that increase in GDP did not reflect over HDI in Middle Asian Countries within 20- years period.Öğe Pursuit For Strategic Foreign Trade Market(Gebze Institute of Technology, 2011) Ongel, Volkan; Celik, Ahmet Alkan; Sozen, IlyasWith the end of the Cold war and dissolution of the Soviet Union caused the termination of the trade structure between Turkey and Soviet Union. After the Soviet Union era, the newly independent states - that are out of planned economy- in Eurasia region and the trade relations that are kept with centralized management for many years started to be carried out with different states. This change affected trade relations that Turkey had with this region. Several unions were tried to be formed over the region for the past 20-year-period. However, because of several reasons, these unions failed. Nevertheless, EURASEC that was decided to be established in 2000, has become a constitution of customs union among 3 members. In 2012 a common market will be formed among these 3 countries that increase the economy by 2 trillion U.S. Dollars and trading volume by 1 billion U.S. Dollars. Therefore, this paper argues that EURASEC including especially Russia, Kazakhstan and Belarus common economic space would be a strategic foreign trade market for Turkey. Hence, this paper tries to analyze the goods specified trade opportunities of this market for Turkey’s export potential. This paper is based on the historical analyze method and also the statistical goods specified foreign trade data of relevant countries.
