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Öğe An artificial neural network-based model for short-term predictions of daily mean pmio concentrations(2010) Demir G.; Ozdemir H.; Ozcan H.K.; Ucanc O.N.; Bayat C.Prediction of particulate matter (PM) in the air is an important issue in control and reduction of pollutants in the air. One of the most useful methods to forecast atmospheric pollution is artificial neural network (ANN) because of its high ability to forecast the atmospheric events. In this study ANN technique has been used to predict the PMIO concentration in Istanbul. Meteorological data and PMIO data, which had been collected from Sariyer-Bahcekoy for the one year data, were used. The data were separated into two groups for training and testing the model. The odd days were used for training and the remaining was used for the testing. The transfer function was sigmoid function. In the model, different hidden neuron numbers were altered for proposed ANN structure. We have altered number of neurons for hidden layer between 2 to 10. The prediction of PMIO of the model during the years 2004-2005 follows the actual values with success, with the best calculated correlation coefficient 0.60.Öğe Compost production experience from municipal solid waste, in Istanbul(2006) Borat M.; Celik T.; Bayat C.TOC (Total Organic Carbon), TKN (Total Kjedhal Nitrojen), tP (total Phosporus), C/N (Carbon/Nitrogen ratio) contents and other properties of Municipal Solid Waste, in İstanbul are suitable for Compost Production. Compost is an extremely useful agent in agriculture, provides humous to soil, improves its porosity, workability, aeration and needless to say improves water absorption capacity. It also helps increasing the number of saprofit micro organisms and helps plants to get more of fertilizers. Another advantage of compost production is surely to decrease the volume of the waste to be placed in sanitary landfills. This means more longer service periods, which is extremely important for a huge metropole like İstanbul. The Compost plant, which is using aerobic fermentation process, was put in service in September 2001. It has a capasity of 700 tons per day in one shift. 700 tons of municipal waste per day screened through 80 mm sieve. Approximately 300 tons of material per day which passes through is sent to fermentation process. Out of the rest 400 tons per day, approximately 10% (40 tons) is sent to sorting by hand unit for resource recovery. Here, plastic, paper, cardboard and other material are regained. The rest 360 tons per day is sent to sanitary landfill for burrying. The material, which is suitable for composting, then screened through 10 mm sieve. The part which pass through this sieve is again sent to sanitary landfill because it may cause delay in fermentation process. The rest, which did not pass through 10 mm sieve, is taken into 8 fermentation units. 3 of this units are fully covered. Waste is spread within the units with 2 m. thickness. Humidity is controlled within these units, water is added if necessary and units are continuously aerated. In the first unit, after 3 days, tempeature increases up to 65-70 0C. Thus, pathogen micro organizms in the waste are got rid off. In every unit, solid waste inhabited a week. Hence, complete fermentation process is thus completed within 8 weeks. The row compost obtained is approximately 200 tons per day. After sieveing 100 tons of fresh compost is obtatined. It is than stored in an open air for maturation. Than it is used in parks, gardens, and green areas around streets and motorways in the vicinity of İstanbul Metropolitan Municipality. © 2006. International Scientific Conference SGEM.Öğe A general comparati?ve evaluati?on of the exi?sti?ng legal procedures concerni?ng the soli?d and hazardous waste management i?n the European uni?on and i?n Turkey(2007) Demir G.; Celik T.; Bayat C.Technological developments in 20. and 21. centuries have highered up standards of living and created welfare and more comfortable living conditions for mankind. However, together with the increasing world population, environmental problems have also increased and diversified based on various reasons. Therefore, with the aim of solving the existing air, water and earth pollution problems and taking them under control, laws and regulations have been put into force and announced both internationally and domestically. These laws and regulations have been renovated and new arrangements have still been made. In this study, we have made a general comparative evaluation of the existing legal procedures concerning the solid and hazardous waste management of the European Union and Turkey who maintains negotiations on integration into the union.Öğe Removal of copper (CU) from municipal solid waste (MSW) compost using batch washing(2006) Bayat C.; Ozbas E.E.; Celik T.This paper deals with the removal of copper from Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) compost using Na2 and a mixture of Na2S2O5 and Na2 in the batch mode. At the end of extraction studies, for 3 hours at 1:25 solid:liquid ratio by using 0.05 M Na2EDTA, 100% removal yield was obtained for Cu. 100% heavy metal removal yield was obtained with 0.01 M Na2EDTA and 0.1 M Na2S2O5, at 1:6 solid:liquid ratio, for Cu in this study. © 2006. International Scientific Conference SGEM.
