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Öğe Adsorptive separation of adipic acid from aqueous solutions by perlite or its composites by manganese or copper(Techno-Press, 2014) Uslu, Hasan; Demir, Goksel; Bayat, Cuma; Wasewar, Kailas L.; Bamufleh, Hisham S.Adipic acid (hexane-1,6-dioic acid) is one of the most used chemical in industrial applications. This must be separated from any environmental contaminant. In this study, adipic acid separation from wastewater by adsorption method onto Perlite or Perlite + Mn or Perlite + Cu composites was investigated. Adsorption of Adipic acid was investigated in terms of equilibrium, and thermodynamic conditions. For thermodynamic investigations the experiments carried out at three different temperatures (298 K, 318 K, 328 K). In the equilibrium studies, 2 g of perlite and its composites were determined as the optimal adsorbent amount. Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms were applied to the experimental data. Freundlich isotherms for all temperatures used in this work gave some deviations with R square values under 0.98 where as Langmuir isotherm gave good results with R square values upper 0.99 at different temperatures. As a result of thermodynamic studies, adsorption enthalpy (Delta H), adsorption entropy (Delta S), and adsorption free energy (Delta G) have been calculated for each adsorbents.Öğe A comparative study for adsorption of carbolic acid by synthetic resins(Techno-Press, 2015) Uslu, Hasan; Bamufleh, Hisham S.Carbolic Acid which is called phenol is one of the important starting and/or intermediate materials in various industrial processes. However, its excessive release into environment poses a threat to living organisms, as it is a highly carcinogens and hazardous pollutant even at the very low concentration. Thus removal of phenol from polluted environments is very crucial for sustainable remediation process. We developed a low cost adsorption method for separating phenol from a model aqueous solution. The phenol adsorption was studied using two adsorbents i.e., Amber lite XAD-16 and Amber lite XAD-7 HP with a constant amount of resin 0.1 g at varying aqueous phenol concentrations (50-200 mg L-1) at room temperature. We compared the efficacy of two phenol adsorbents for removing higher phenol concentrations from the media. We investigated equilibrium and kinetics studies of phenol adsorption employing Freundlich, Temkin and Langmuir isotherms. Amberlite XAD-16 performed better than Amberlite XAD-7 HP in terms of phenol removal efficiency that amounted to 95.52%. Pseudo second order model was highly fitted for both of the adsorption systems. The coefficient of determination (R-2) with Langmuir isotherm was found to be 0.98 for Amberlite XAD-7 HP. However, Freundlich isotherm showed R-2 value of 0.95 for Amberlite XAD-16, indicating that both isotherms could be described for the isotherms on XAD-7 HP and Amberlite XAD-16, respectively.Öğe Effect of Solvent and pH on the Extraction of Carbolic Acid from Aqueous Solution by TOMAC(Amer Chemical Soc, 2016) Uslu, Hasan; Bamufleh, Hisham S.Studies on the extraction of carbolic acid (phenol) at different pHs by trioctyl methylammonium chloride (TOMAC) diluted in octane, decan, octan-1-ol, and decan-1-ol are reported. Experimental results of batch extraction experiments are calculated and reported for distribution coefficients (Kip), loading factors (Z), and extraction efficiency (E). All measurements were carried out at 298.15 K. The maximum removal of phenol was observed to be 88.679% at pH = 5 for octan-1-ol. The results of the liquid liquid equilibrium measurements were correlated with a linear solvation energy relationship (LSER) model, which takes into account physical interactions. The remaining parameters were fitted to the experimental results. Experimental results for the liquid liquid equilibrium were compared to the model. The LSER model was applied to correlate experimental values.Öğe Extraction of Picric Acid from Wastewater by a Secondary Amine (Amberlite LA2) in Octan-1-ol: Equilibrium, Kinetics, Thermodynamics, and Molecular Dynamics Simulation(Amer Chemical Soc, 2016) Uslu, Hasan; Datta, Dipaloy; Bamufleh, Hisham S.The paper deals with the equilibrium and kinetic studies on the reactive extraction of picric acid (HPc: 0.021-0.061 kmol.m(-3)) using Amberlite LA2 (ALA2; 0.235-1.175 kmol.m(-3)), a secondary amine, dissolved in an active diluent, octan-1-ol. On the basis of the values of the loading factor (Z < 0.5), the interaction between the molecules of HPc and ALA2 takes place by forming 1:1 solvates in the organic solvent phase and was confirmed, from Fourier transfoem infrared analysis. The effect of the temperature (298.2, 308.2, and 318.2 K) on the performance of extraction is evaluated, and the thermodynamic parameters (entropy and enthalpy) are determined. The mass-transfer coefficient (k(L) = 7.12 x 10(-4) m. s(-1)) of picric acid in octan-1-ol is estimated experimentally to establish the kinetics of the reaction. The Hatta number is found to be in the range of 0.009-0.011, suggesting a very slow extraction reaction occurring in the bulk of the solvent phase. The reaction order is 1.2 with respect to HPc and 0.7 order with respect to ALA2 with rate constants of forward and backward reactions of 18.3 x 10(-6) and 4.94 x 10(-6) (kmol.m(-3))(-1.9).s(-1), respectively. The molecular dynamics behavior of the HPc + ALA2 + octan-1-ol system in the organic solvent phase is predicted from the simulated results.Öğe Extractive Separation of Pentanedioic Acid by Amberlite LA-2 in Various Solvents(Amer Chemical Soc, 2016) Uslu, Hasan; Bamufleh, Hisham S.; Keshav, Amit; Pal, Dharm; Demir, GokselReactive extraction of pentanedioic acid using Amberlite LA-2 in different diluents, such as hexane, methylbenzene, kerosene, 4-methyl-2-pentanone, 2,6-dimethyl-4-heptanone, n-hexanone, 3-methyl-1-butanol, n-octanol, nnonanol, and n-decanol, respectively, was studied. At lower amine concentrations, K-D values of less than 1 were obtained but it improves as amine concentration was raised. Increase in amine concentration was found to increase the KD by 80-85% in inert diluents (hexane, methylbenzene and kerosene). In the chosen ketones, the extraction percentage follows the following trend 4-methyl-2-pentanone > DIBK > n-hexanone. Among the various diluents used, higher KD was obtained when alcohols were used as diluents. Mass action equilibria, linear solvation energy relationship modeling, and differential evolution (DE) was applied for estimating the model parameter and compare the model values with the experimental results of extraction equilibria.Öğe Investigation of Ternary Phase Diagrams of (Water plus Butyric Acid plus Phenyl Acetate) at Different Temperatures(Amer Chemical Soc, 2016) Bayazit, Kayhan; Uslu, Hasan; Gok, Ash; Kirbaslar, S. Ismail; Santos, Dheiver; Bamufleh, Hisham S.The system {(water (1) + butyric acid (2) + phenyl acetate (3)} at different temperatures, such as 298.15 K, 308.15 K, 318.15 K, and at a constant pressure (101.3 +/- 0.5 kPa) in terms of liquid liquid phase equilibria were investigated. The solubility curves for each system were found. The consistency for the experiments to determine tie-lines was done by Othmer-Tobias method. NRTL and UNIQUAC equation correlated experimental data with good results. the consistency of UNIQUAC and NRTL for concerning ternary experimental data. The finest results were reached with UNIQUAC model (RMSD value is 0.087 for 298.15 K). Extraction ability of the solvents used in this study were assessed in term of distribution coefficients (D) (highest 5.20) and separation factors (s(f)) (highest 322).Öğe Reactive extraction of phenol from aqueous solution using tri-octylamine dissolved in alkanes and alcohols(Elsevier, 2015) Uslu, Hasan; Datta, Dipaloy; Bamufleh, Hisham S.Extraction of phenol (0.053 mol. kg(-1)) from wastewater is performed with trioctylamine (TOA: 0.023-0.091 mol. kg-1) dissolved in four solvents (decane, octane, decan-1-ol, and octan-1-ol) at a constant temperature of 298 K. The effect of TOA concentration and type of diluent on the removal efficiency of phenol have been derived. Results show that the neutral phenol molecule is effectively extracted by TOA into the organic phase at higher concentration of TOA than lower one. The equilibrium extraction results are presented in terms of distribution coefficient (D), degree of extraction (%E) and loading ratio (Z). Maximum value of D (= 12.25) with %E = 92.45% is observed at the highest concentration of TOA (0.091 mol kg-1) with octan-1-ol. A mathematical expression for the determination of D at equilibrium is presented by applying the mass action law. This model equation is used to graphically determine the equilibrium constant (K-E) and the stoichiometric coefficient (eta) of extraction. Also, the individual equilibrium constants (K11,K21 and K-12) for the phenol TOA complexes formed are estimated from the regression of the experimental results. The highest value of complexation constant (K-E = 23) is found with TOA in octan-1-ol. Phenol molecules are extracted by TOA + decane or octane with simultaneous formation of 1:1 and 2:1 solvates, and by TOA + decan-1-ol or octan-l-ol by making 1:1 and 1:2 complexes in the organic phase. The extraction power of TOA in terms of D decreases in the order of octan-1-ol >decan-1-ol >octane >decane. 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Öğe Reactive Extraction of Phenol from Aqueous Solution Using Trioctylmethylammoniumchloride and Trioctylamine in Nonane and Isoamyl alcohol(Springer International Publishing Ag, 2016) Uslu, Hasan; Datta, Dipaloy; Bamufleh, Hisham S.Reactive extraction of phenol (0.053 mol kg(-1)) from aqueous solution is carried out using two aminic extractants, trioctylmethylammoniumchloride (TOMAC) and trioctylamine (TOA) considering four concentrations (0.023 to 0.091 mol kg(-1)) and dissolving them in solvents like nonane and isoamyl alcohol (IAA) at 298 K. The effects of extract type (TOMAC and TOA), their concentrations, and type of diluent on the separation efficiency of extraction have been determined. Data show that the neutral phenol molecule is more effectively extracted by TOA than TOMAC into the organic phase. Increase in the extractant concentration from 0.023 to 0.091 mol kg(-1) obviously enhances the recovery of phenol (2.3 times with nonane + TOMAC or TOA; 2.97 times with IAA + TOMAC; and 4.83 times with IAA + TOA). The equilibrium extraction results are presented in terms of distribution coefficient (D), degree of extraction (%E), and loading ratio (Z). Maximum value of D (=12.25) is obtained with TOA + IAA (0.091 mol kg(-1)) which could extract 92.45 % of phenol from the water phase. A suitable mathematical model for the determination of equilibrium D is expressed by employing the mass action law. The equilibrium constant (K-E) and the stoichiometric coefficient (n) of extraction are determined graphically. Also, the individual equilibrium constants (K-11, K-21, and K-12) for the phenol-extractant complexes formed are estimated from the regression of the experimental values. The better extraction power of the TOA + IAA extract system is also shown from the estimated value of complexation constant (K-E=164.44). Phenol molecules form 1:1 and 2:1 and 1:1 and 1:2 solvates with nonane and IAA, respectively, with both the extractants.Öğe Separation of 2,4,6-trinitrophenol from aqueous solution by liquid-liquid extraction method: Equilibrium, kinetics, thermodynamics and molecular dynamic simulation(Elsevier Science Sa, 2016) Uslu, Hasan; Datta, Dipaloy; Santos, Dheiver; Bamufleh, Hisham S.; Bayat, CumaIn this paper, the equilibrium and kinetic studies on the extraction of 2,4,6-trinitrophenol (picric acid) (0.021-0.061 kmol m(-3)) using Amberlite LA2, a secondary amine (ALA2: 0.118-0.588 kmol m(-3)) dissolved in a polar active solvent, methyl-iso-butyl ketone (MIBK) are performed. Also, the temperature effect (293.2 +/- 1 K, 303.2 +/- 1 K and 313.2 +/- 1 K) on the extraction mechanism and efficiency is evaluated. Thermodynamic parameters like the change in entropy and enthalpy are determined. From the values of loading ratio (Z < 0.5), it is inferred that the amine molecule form 1:1 complex with the acid molecule in the organic phase. The mass transfer coefficient (k(L), = 3.1 x 10(-5) m s(-1)) of picric acid in MIBK is determined. The Hatta number is calculated, and observed to vary in the range of 0.0032-0.0054, indicating that there is a very slow chemical reaction taking place between the acid and the amine molecule in the bulk of the organic phase. The reaction order is estimated to be 0.9 w.r.t picric acid, and 0.6 w.r.t ALA2 with rate constants of 14.95 x 10(-6) (kmol m(-3))(-0.5) s(-1), and 8.94 x 10(-7) (kmol m(-3))(-0.5) s(-1), for forward and backward reaction, respectively. Kinetic and potential energies of components during reactive extraction have been determined by molecular dynamic modeling. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
