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    Synthesis of Graphene Nanoplatelet-Alginate Composite Beads and Removal of Methylene Blue from Aqueous Solutions
    (2023) Çavuşoğlu, Ferda Civan
    The discharge of various types of wastewater into natural streams leads to significant problems by increasing the toxicity of the wastewater. For this reason, methods and materials are being developed by researchers in line with effective, economic, and environmental principles. In this study, the removal of methylene blue, a toxic dyestuff, from aqueous solutions was investigated by synthesizing sodium alginate (SA) and graphene nanoplatelet-sodium alginate composite (SA-GNP) beads. The structural characteristics of the materials were analyzed using FTIR, TGA, optical microscope, and SEM methods. All parameters determining the efficiency of the methylene blue adsorption system were optimized in a batch system. The effects of various factors, such as adsorbent amount, contact time, adsorption temperature, dye concentration, solution pH, pHzpc values of SA and SA-GNP beads, presence of different ions, and beads swelling, on the adsorption process, were investigated. To investigate the mechanism of the adsorption system, the adsorption data were fitted to a non-linear form of the Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin equilibrium isotherm models, as well as the Pseudo-first-order (PFO), Pseudo-second-order (PSO), and Bangham kinetic models. High regression coefficients were achieved in the studied kinetic and isotherm models (0.86 ? R2 ? 0.99), and the experimental data were found to be compatible with the model parameters. Maximum adsorption capacities (qm) of 167.52 mg/g and 290.36 mg/g were obtained for the SA and SA-GNP adsorbents, respectively, at 308 K. The optimum temperature for both adsorption systems was found to be 308 K. The efficiency of methylene blue dyestuff removal was improved with graphene nanoplatelet-based adsorbents.
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    URETHANE-MODIFIED ALKYD RESIN BASED PAINT PRODUCTION: DETERMINATION OF PAINT PROPERTIES
    (Konya Teknik Üniversitesi, 2025) Çavuşoğlu, Ferda Civan; Acar, Işıl
    Alkyd resins have an important place among the binders used in the paint industry. One of the major advantages of alkyd resins is that they are susceptible to various modifications to gain the desired properties. In this study, urethane-modified alkyd resins were synthesized at different modification ratios using toluene diisocyanate as a modifier. The resin with the determined optimum modification ratio was used as the binder resin in the paint formulation. In the synthesis of four-component alkyd resin with 50% oil length, phthalic anhydride, tall oil fatty acid, trimethylolpropane, and dipropylene glycol were used. The synthesis of urethane-modified alkyd resins (R-UA-1/1, R-UA-1/2, and R-UA-1/3) was carried out by modification reactions of the prepared alkyd resin with TDI at different NCO/OH (1/1, 1/2, 1/3) molar ratios. Characterization of modified resins was performed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Subsequently, the optimum NCO/OH ratio was determined due to the physical and chemical surface coating properties and thermogravimetric analysis results of the resin films. The best results were obtained in the resin, where the modification ratio was NCO/OH: 1/1. Then, the urethane-modified alkyd resin (R-UA-1/1) prepared in this ratio was used as a binder in the solvent-based paint formulation. The wet/dry paint properties and household chemical resistance properties of solvent-based paint (B-1/1), prepared using urethane-modified alkyd resin, were examined with tests according to the standards, and the coating performance of this paint was determined in detail. As a result, durable coatings that are suitable for interior applications and can compete with alkyd paints were obtained from the paint prepared with urethane-modified alkyd resin.