Progression in 3D/4D-printing: a brief review of present and future smart materials and technologies

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dc.contributor.authorYilmaz, Oguzhan
dc.contributor.authorEryildiz, Meltem
dc.contributor.authorBabacan, Nazim
dc.date.accessioned2026-01-31T15:04:31Z
dc.date.available2026-01-31T15:04:31Z
dc.date.issued2025
dc.departmentİstanbul Beykent Üniversitesi
dc.description.abstractSmart materials are gaining popularity due to their responsive attitudes under different conditions, such as temperature, stress, moisture, pH, light, and magnetic fields. Under such circumstances, these materials can change their shape, stiffness, color, conductivity, or mechanical and physical properties. Over the last few years, four-dimensional (4D) printing has emerged as a transformative technology, augmenting traditional three-dimensional (3D) printing by infusing printed objects with responsive, active features. This review delves into the multifaceted applications and recent advancements in 3D/4D-printing, exploring its potential to reshape diverse fields. Examining research, this chapter highlights the versatility of 3D/4D-printing technology in shaping constructs dynamically in response to external stimuli. Applications of this technology range from biocompatible tissue scaffolds and responsive drug delivery systems to patient-specific implants and innovations in aerospace. Acknowledging the current limitations, the synthesis of recent progress and contributions suggests avenues for future research, emphasizing the exploration of new materials and optimizing printing specifications for enhanced application performance. While 3D/4D-printing has exhibited substantial implementation potential, it remains in its early exploration stages, necessitating sustained advancements across disciplines. This chapter concludes with insights into the early research on self-assembling polymers and the development of multiresponsive structures, both critical for the maturation of 3D/4D-printing of smart materials. © 2025 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/B978-0-443-24861-0.00010-1
dc.identifier.endpage241
dc.identifier.isbn9780443248610
dc.identifier.isbn9780443248672
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-105011243420
dc.identifier.scopusqualityN/A
dc.identifier.startpage213
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-443-24861-0.00010-1
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12662/10575
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopus
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherElsevier
dc.relation.publicationcategoryKitap Bölümü - Uluslararası
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess
dc.snmzKA_Scopus_20260128
dc.subject3D-printing
dc.subject4D-printing
dc.subjectAdditive manufacturing
dc.subjectmanufacturing technologies
dc.subjectsmart materials
dc.titleProgression in 3D/4D-printing: a brief review of present and future smart materials and technologies
dc.typeBook Chapter

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