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    Adsorptive Separation of Cu2+ from an Aqueous Solution Using Trioctylamine Supported Montmorillonite
    (Amer Chemical Soc, 2015) Datta, Dipaloy; Uslu, Hasan; Kumar, Sushil
    Montmorillonite (Mt) was used to remove copper (Cu2+) ion from wastewater stream generated from industrial effluents. This clay was modified (Mt-TOA) by using an amine-based solvent, trioctylamine (TOA). Equilibrium and kinetic experiments were carried out to determine the effect of adsorbent amount (w, 0.05 g to 0.3 g for Mt, 0.001 to 0.006 g for MtTOA), initial Cu2+ ion concentration (C-0, 8 mg.L-1 to 16 mg.L-1), pH (2 to 10), and contact time (t, 10 to 90 min) on the capacity of both adsorbents. With an increase in the adsorbent amount, the uptake capacity of Mt and Mt-TOA for Cu2+ ion was found to decrease but with an enhancement in the removal efficiency. The optimum amount of Mt and Mt-TOA was found to be 0.1 and 0.001 g, respectively. A better adsorption of Cu2+ ion was observed at low pH value of aqueous solution, and was found to decrease with an increase in the value of pH. In the kinetic experiments, the amount removal of Cu2+ ion reached to a constant value of 75.62 % with Mt (0.1 g) and 80.12 % with Mt-TOA (0.001 g) after 70 min. Equilibrium and kinetic data were analyzed by using eight different isotherm (Langmuir, Freundlich, Elovich, Temkin, Dubinin-Radushkevich, Redlich-Peterson, Toth, and Sips) and two different kinetic (pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order) models, respectively.
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    Extraction of levulinic acid using tri-n-butyl phosphate and tri-n-octylamine in 1-octanol: Column design
    (Elsevier, 2016) Datta, Dipaloy; Marti, Mustafa Esen; Uslu, Hasan; Kumar, Sushil
    The reactive extraction of levulinic acid using two different extractants [tri-n-butyl phosphate (TBP) and tri-n-octylamine (TOA)] dissolved in 1-octanol was investigated at 298 K. Using the equilibrium data, the distribution coefficient (K-D), extraction efficiency (%E) and loading ratios (Z) were calculated. TOA provided highest K-D values with 1-octanol. A maximum K-D was obtained as 9.571 using 0.689 mol/kg TOA while 90.54 % of the initial levulinic acid was extracted. Increasing the initial acid concentration resulted in a decrease in the extraction efficiency. Loading ratios were found to be less than 1 for TBP while both types, i.e. 1:1 and 2:1 acid-amine complexes were expected to form with TOA. The feasibility of the extraction process was assessed by calculating minimum solvent to feed ratio required for 90% recovery of levulinic acid, number of theoretical stages, height and diameter of the extraction column. (C) 2016 Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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    Intensification of picolinic acid extraction with tri-n-butylphosphate and tri-n-octylamine in three different diluents
    (Elsevier, 2015) Datta, Dipaloy; Uslu, Hasan; Kumar, Sushil
    In this paper, the equilibrium study on reactive extraction of picolinic acid from aqueous solution is studied by individual and mixed extractant of tri-n-butyl phosphate (TBP) and tri-n-octylamine (TOA) in three different diluents at a constant temperature, 298 K. A better synergism is observed (80% extraction efficiency) with a TBP:TOA ratio of 1:1 for all acid concentration with IAA. Mathematical modeling is also carried out to find insight of mechanism exist between acid and extractant molecules. The results of present study will be useful to intensify the recovery of picolinic acid from fermentation broth (bio-separation) and other aqueous solutions. (c) 2015 The Institution of Chemical Engineers. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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    Investigation of Extraction of 4-Oxopentanoic Acid by N,N-Dioctyloctan-1-amine in Six Different Diluents: Equilibrium Study
    (Amer Chemical Soc, 2015) Kumar, Sushil; Uslu, Hasan; Datta, Dipaloy; Rarotra, Saptak; Rajput, Kusuma
    The present equilibrium study deals with the reactive extraction of 4-oxopentanoic acid [levulinic acid] from an aqueous solution by N,N-dioctyloctan-1-amine [tri-n-octylamine (TOA)] at a constant concentration of 0.573 kmol.m(-3) in a wide range of diluents such as [n-decane, decane-1-ol, n-decane + decane-1-ol (1:1 v/v), toluene, 4-methylpentan-2-one (MIBK), and dichloromethane (DCM)] at isothermal conditions ((298 +/- 1) K). The physical extraction of levulinic acid with pure diluents is also carried out. The effect of acid concentration (0.10 mol.kg(-1) to 0.75 mol.kg(-1)) and type of diluent on the recovery of levulinic acid from aqueous solution are determined. Mathematical modeling based on mass action law is used to estimate overall equilibrium constants (K-E), stoichiometry of reaction, and individual equilibrium constants (K-11 and K-21) for 1:1 and 2:1 complexes between acid and TOA. Further, the experimentally determined distribution coefficients (K-D) are correlated predicted ones by the linear solvation energy relationship (LSER) model based on solute-solvent interaction parameters. The extraction power of TOA increases in the order of DCM >= decan-1-ol > MIBK > n-decane + decan-1-ol (1:1 v/v) > toluene > n-decane with the highest extraction efficiency, 98.7 %.
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    Investigations on the Reactive Extraction of Glyoxylic Acid by Amberlite-LA2 Dissolved in Alcoholic Diluents
    (Taylor & Francis Inc, 2015) Uslu, Hasan; Datta, Dipaloy; Kumar, Sushil
    In this study, reactive extraction of glyoxylic acid (0.93 kmol.m(-3)) using Amberlite-LA2 (0.24 to 1.67 kmol.m(-3)) in five different alcoholic diluents is performed at 298 K. The extraction ability of Amberlite-LA2 is found to be in the order of isoamylalcohol (IAA) > nonan-1-ol > octan-1-ol > decan-1-ol > dodecanol. Maximum extraction efficiency, 98.92% is obtained at 1.67 kmol.m(-3) of Amberlite-LA2 in IAA. The values of stoichiometric coefficient (m), overall equilibrium constant (K-E) and individual constants (K-11, K-21, and K-12) are estimated. The effect of diluent on K-D is also quantified by applying LSER model using solvatochromic parameters of diluents.
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    Reactive Extraction of Oxoethanoic Acid (Glyoxylic Acid) Using Amberlite-LA2 in Different Diluents
    (Amer Chemical Soc, 2014) Uslu, Hasan; Datta, Dipaloy; Kumar, Sushil
    An equilibrium distribution study of oxoethanoic acid (also known as glyoxylic acid, 0.93 kmol.m(-3)) between water and Amberlite-LA2 (0.24 to 1.67 kmol.m(-3)) is carried out at constant temperature, 298 +/- 0.5 K. The extract phase is prepared using Amberlite-LA2 as extractant, and hexane, kerosene, methylbenzene (toluene), butane-2-one (methyl ethyl ketone, MEK), 2,6 dimethyl-4-heptanone (diisobutylketone, DIBK), hexane-2-one, and decane-1-ol as diluents. The equilibrium data are presented by calculating parameters like loading factor, Z, extraction efficiency, %E, and distribution coefficients, K-D. The highest value of K-D is found to be 92 at higher concentration (1.67 kmol.m(-3)) of Amberlite-LA2 in hexane-2-one. The extraction ability of Amberlite-LA2 in different diluents in terms of K-D and % E is found to be in the order of hexane-2-one > methylbenzene > hexane > kerosene > DIBK > MEK > decane-1-ol. The values of stoichiometric coefficient (m) and equilibrium complexation constants (K-E, K-11, K-21 and K-12) are determined from the mass action law and using experimental data. From the values of m, it proposed that the interaction between acid and amine molecule is mostly by 1:1 type but the values of m less than 1 indicate possible formation of 1:2 type complex and diluents also extract some acid molecule by physical extraction. The values of m greater than 1 point out the formation of little amount of 2:1 type complex in the organic phase.
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    Status of the Reactive Extraction as a Method of Separation
    (Hindawi Publishing Corporation, 2015) Uslu, Hasan; Kumar, Sushil; Datta, Dipaloy
    The prospective function of a novel energy efficient fermentation technology has been getting great attention in the past fifty years due to the quick raise in petroleum costs. Fermentation chemicals are still limited in the modern market in huge part because of trouble in recovery of carboxylic acids. Therefore, it is needed considerable development in the current recovery technology. Carboxylic acids have been used as the majority of fermentation chemicals. This paper presents a state-of-the-art review on the reactive extraction of carboxylic acids from fermentation broths. This paper principally focuses on reactive extraction that is found to be a capable option to the proper recovery methods.