Kesgin, Burak2024-03-132024-03-1320161304-02432458-8245https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12662/4020This article examines Russian and Turkish middle classes in a comparative framework, from their historical formation to the present. In today's Russia, despite strains on the economic situation and living standards of the middle classes, they strongly support state power and have effectively abandoned previous demands for democratization. By contrast, the Turkish middle classes remain divided between secularists, who are in a tense relationship with the ruling party, and conservatives, who are in solidarity with the government. Divergent views of historicity and the meaning of the past for the present and future provide non-economic frameworks in which to analyze the attitudes of these two classes.trinfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccessRussiaSocial ContractStratificationMiddle Classes in TurkeyHistoricitySecularismConservativismArticle32543WOS:000408379100001N/A