Clinical Assessment of Nasal Airway Obstruction
Küçük Resim Yok
Tarih
2019
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Springer International Publishing
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess
Özet
For the evaluation of nasal airway obstruction physical examination, anterior rhinoscopy, laboratory workup, imaging studies, and rhinomanometric studies may be required. Laboratory workup may consist of counts of neutrophil investigating infectious diseases, eosinophil for allergy-related disorders, and mast cell in food allergy. Imaging workup contains computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging. Physically based studies involve rhinomanometry and acoustic rhinometry techniques. Nasal resistance is responsible for more than 50% of the resistance of the total airway. Nasal resistance is made up of two layers: the deeper layer consists of underlying bone, cartilage, and muscle, while superficially the overlying mucosa forms the second layer. Environmental and intrinsic conditions both alter nasal resistance. Variables reducing resistance consist of sympathomimetics, atrophic rhinitis, exercise, rebreathing, along with erect posture. Exercise leads to sympathetic vasoconstriction and shrinkage of the ala nasi, dilating the nasal cavities. Infectious rhinitis, vasomotor rhinitis, allergic rhinitis, supine posture, hyperventilation, cold air, aspirin, and alcohol increase nasal resistance. To better understand the relations between form and resistance of the nasal air channel, one of the basic laws in fluid dynamics is very helpful. The law of Hagen-Poiseuille is valid for the resistance of round tubes, which means that in a tube, the resistance R increases linear with the viscosity of the fluid and the length of the tube but with the 4 power of the tube radius. Reducing the radius to the half leads to a 16-fold increase of resistance. © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Clinical assessment, Nasal airway, Nasal resistance, Obstruction, The law of Hagen-Poiseuille
Kaynak
All around the Nose: Basic Science, Diseases and Surgical Management
WoS Q Değeri
Scopus Q Değeri
N/A
