External and internal motives in people's transformation in William Golding's Lord of the Flies and José Saramago's Blindness
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Tarih
2024
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Yayıncı
İstanbul Beykent Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
İnsanoğlunun fiziksel, psikolojik ve zihinsel açıdan karmaşık bir varlık olduğu bir gerçektir. Bu karmaşıklıklardan bir tanesi ise kendisinin özünde iyi ya da kötü olup olmadığıdır. İnsanoğlunun özünde iyi mi yoksa kötü mü olduğuna dair düşüncesi yüzyıllardır felsefecilerin tartışma konusu olmuş ve birçok fikir öne sürülmüştür. İsviçre doğumlu felsefeci Jean-Jacques Rousseau, insanoğlunun doğuştan iyi olduğuna inanırken, İngiliz felsefeci Thomas Hobbes insanların kötü olduğuna inanır. Diğer bir yandan ise 19. yüzyıl felsefecisi John Stuart Mill ve meşhur psikolog Sigmund Freud, insanların ahlaki anlayıştan kopuk fakat zevk odaklı, yani tehlikeden uzak duran ve kendisine nihai zevk veren şeylerin peşine giden canlılar olduklarını iddia eder. Bu bahsi geçen teoriler, William Golding'in Sineklerin Tanrısı ve José Saramago'nun Körlük romanlarında gayet iyi betimlenmiştir. Sineklerin Tanrısı'nda savaştan kaçırılan bir grup İngiliz genç, egzotik bir adaya düşer. Kendilerine yardım edecek ya da onları izleyecek yetişkinlere sahip olmadığı için hayatta kalmak adına kendi kendilerinin rehberi olurlar. Zamanla, bazı iç ve dış kaynaklı sebeplerden dolayı kişiliklerinde değişimler baş gösterir. Sonunda neredeyse hepsi birer küçük vahşiye dönüşür. Körlük'te ise, körlük salgını başlar. Bazı insanlar vahşileşirken, bazısı bunların kurbanı olur. Bu körlük, onlara insanoğlunun gerçek yüzünü görmesini sağlar. İlhamını bu sert değişimlerden alan bu tez, William Golding'in Sineklerin Tanrısı ve José Saramago'nun Körlük eserlerinde insanların modern insanlardan birer vahşiye dönüşmesine sebep veren iç ve diş faktörleri incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır.
It is a clear fact that human being is a complex being in terms of their physical, psychological and mental structure. One of these complexities is whether s/he is essentially good or bad. The idea of whether human being is either inherently good or evil has been debated by philosophers for many centuries, and many theories were put forward. Swiss-born philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau believes that human being is inherently good, while British philosopher Thomas Hobbes believes people are evil. On the other hand, the 19th century philosopher John Stuart Mill and the acclaimed psychologist Sigmund Freud claim that people are just amoral and pleasure-driven beings, which means they avoid danger and pursue the ultimate pleasure. These theories mentioned are well illustrated in William Golding's Lord of the Flies and José Saramago's Blindness. In Lord of the Flies, a group of British boys, fled from a war by a plane, crashes on an exotic island. Having no adults to help or control them, they become their own guide to survive. Some changes appear in their personality in time due to some internal and external reasons. Almost everyone ends up being little savages. In Blindness, a plague of blindness breaks out. Some people transform into savages while some suffer from it. This blindness enables them to see the true nature of humanity. Inspired by these drastic changes in human nature, this thesis aims to analyse the external and internal factors that cause people to transform into savages from modern people.
It is a clear fact that human being is a complex being in terms of their physical, psychological and mental structure. One of these complexities is whether s/he is essentially good or bad. The idea of whether human being is either inherently good or evil has been debated by philosophers for many centuries, and many theories were put forward. Swiss-born philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau believes that human being is inherently good, while British philosopher Thomas Hobbes believes people are evil. On the other hand, the 19th century philosopher John Stuart Mill and the acclaimed psychologist Sigmund Freud claim that people are just amoral and pleasure-driven beings, which means they avoid danger and pursue the ultimate pleasure. These theories mentioned are well illustrated in William Golding's Lord of the Flies and José Saramago's Blindness. In Lord of the Flies, a group of British boys, fled from a war by a plane, crashes on an exotic island. Having no adults to help or control them, they become their own guide to survive. Some changes appear in their personality in time due to some internal and external reasons. Almost everyone ends up being little savages. In Blindness, a plague of blindness breaks out. Some people transform into savages while some suffer from it. This blindness enables them to see the true nature of humanity. Inspired by these drastic changes in human nature, this thesis aims to analyse the external and internal factors that cause people to transform into savages from modern people.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
İngiliz Dili ve Edebiyatı, English Language and Literature
